Across the Universe †All you need is love Essay

â€Å"Across the Universe† is a melodic film dependent on 34 organizations by the amazing rock’n’roll group of four †the Beatles. The film is called after a similar name melody of the band, â€Å"Across the Universe†, which was discharged in 1969 and later as one of tracks of a foundation collection â€Å"No One is Going to Change Our World† at the mark â€Å"Apple†. The plot has nothing to do with the Beatles’ individuals life. Anyway the imagined in the film occasions speak to numerous attributes of their time being set in the 60’s and rotate around the tunes which coordinate a ton of extraordinary scenes. Every single fundamental character bear the names got from its unique verses: overshadowed in life Lucy (â€Å"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds†), driven Jude (â€Å"Hey Jude†), a beginner artist Sadie (â€Å"Sexy Sadie†), a slacker Max (â€Å"Maxwell’s Silver Hammer†), Prudence (â€Å"Dear Prudence†) and so on. The initial 45 minutes is hyper and let us meet the characters. It doesn’t truly depend on plot, as most musicals, it depends more on character improvement. Jude moves to the USA in reason to discover his dad. On appearance he inadvertently meets Max who turns into his companion in a brief timeframe. Together the young men go to New York where they are joined by Max’s sister Lucy (she has recently lost her beau executed on the front line). They rapidly discover that the fantasy about living freely and making the most of their lives as a grown-ups has its own troubles. The subsequent demonstration is unique: Vietnam War, hallucinogenic excursions brought about by taking LSD, free love enhanced with rock’n’roll †that is the very landscape of the sentimental and simultaneously shocking storyline. In the third demonstration we really get the chance to see the characters take care of their issues, it bargains much more with our emotions towards music and war. Over the Universe† is in reality vastly different from most musicals. Where most musicals depend on either euphoria, feeling, or war, it depends on every one of the three. There are a few minutes where you really feel like you need to get up and move. The music here is totally astounding. No truly. It’s stunning. The cast individuals (and read how I state cast individuals and not vocalists) sang these melodies and did such an incredible activity, that on the off chance that I even had a decision, I would really needed to state that a portion of their variants of tunes were superior to the genuine Beatles. Talking about the most grounded minutes I would recognize one ideal case of recounting to a story through the tune that has significant hugeness to me and ridiculously extreme †the scene where Jude paints a tore and nailed to the canvas draining strawberry during â€Å"Strawberry Fields Forever† being sang. The berry as an image of affection, floods of blood as an image of war and passing, blazing appearances of the characters out of sight and paint-made blood everywhere throughout the screen †it’s all in red, the shade of desire and obliteration. While viewing the film I felt various feelings: chuckling, joy, fervor yet in addition misery, dread and outrage. What I’ve got from â€Å"Across the Universe† is in excess of a film, it is an involvement with itself. It could be any sort of experience †a fun and totally different experience, or a profoundly passionate and sexy experience. For me, it was a greater amount of the second. When â€Å"Hey Jude† played close to end of the film I had come up short on tears. It felt like I knew all the characters perpetually however when the two hours and ten minutes were over I was kicking the bucket to see more. I am really anticipating seeing this over and over.

What Are The Concepts Of Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Supportability as a build has no all around adequate definition or an unmistakably characterized planetary usual way of doing things to quantify and mensurate its intergenerational augmentations. In spite of going an extremely well known term in cutting edge society, the develop is generally setting and point of view dependant ; as it very well may be taken to expect various things to various individuals, at various minutes in cut ( Kruyt et al. , 2009 ) . We will compose a custom exposition test on What Are The Concepts Of Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now â€Å" Before now, numerous individuals were non perceptive of what manageability is, and its derivations to person. Indeed, even as its cognizance is expanding, the inherent vagueness of the theme stays an issue of planetary contention † ( Mbasuen, 2009 ) . In malignance of this dubious nature, our limits to innovative and monetary growings, because of human improvement as anticipated in past grant support the central issue on supportability today ( Malthus, 1798 ) , ( Hotelling, 1931 ) and ( Meadows et al. , 1972 ) . â€Å" In an order, to unknot the puzzle of this term, a few definitions and envisioning pictures of maintainability have developed † ( Mbasuen, 2009 ) . Be that as it may, the most famous of these definitions remains the UN definition in Brundtland Report ( Our Common Future, 1987 ) ; which thoughtfully investigates supportability in three measurements to support financial, ecological and cultural maintainability ; ( Triple Bottom Line ) assault ( Elkington, 2004 ) . Notwithstanding, standard manageability minds â€Å" accept that the definition is dark and did non support a specifics inside the horde of issues worried about ‘Our Common Future ‘ which we are taking at † ( Mbasuen, 2009 ) . As an impact, numerous individuals see the build to incorporate different measurements such institutional and even political maintainability, while others, for example, ( Dietz and Neumayer, 2007 ; Neumayer, 2010 ) pitch their collapsible asylums with contradicting places of frail versus solid supportability. In spite of the tricky idea of this build, Sustainability Assessment ( SA ) on the different manus is less obscure, and can be characterized as a conventional technique of distinguishing, anticipating and estimating the potential effects of an endeavor (, for example, a rule law, statute, strategy program and undertaking ) and its alternatives on the reasonable advancement of society. ( Govender et al. , 2006 ) . It is another and sprouting develop in ecological examination, growing from plants completed by natural effect evaluation ( EIA ) and vital ecological examination ( SEA ) practicians ( Sheate et al. , 2003 ; Pope et al. , 2004 ) . It is continuously being viewed as an instrument in the ‘family ‘ of effect evaluation forms ( Hacking and Guthrie, 2008 ) that is utilized to grow new methods and assaults to affect examination that are intended to coordinate arranging and dynamic towards maintainable improvement ( SD ) ( Pope et al. , 2004 ) . It includes the incorporating of the biophysical natural, cultural and financial mainstays of manageability into assurance conceiving in a way that recognizes their between relatedness. ( Govender et al. , 2006 ) . The expanding level of political committedness to the standard of Sustainable Development has made SA a typical assurance doing apparatus ( Bond and Morrison-Saunders 2011 ; Govender et al. , 2006 ; Pope et al. , 2004 ) . Most of research on SA has started in Canada, Europe and the UK, be that as it may, there are still extremely hardly any representations of viable SA techniques executed known to mankind ( Gibson, 2006 ; Pope et al. , 2004 ) . A few outlines can been found in Western Australia ( Pope and Grace 2006 ) and South Africa of which many are truly delineations of ‘integrated examination ‘ , got from ecological effect evaluation ( EIA ) and key natural examination ( SEA ) ( Govender et al. , 2006 ; Pope et al. , 2004 ) . The term ‘Sustainability Appraisal ‘ is utilized in the UK to isolate customary SEA with a biophysical point of convergence from a signifier of key examination that other than covers cultural and monetary effects ( Dalal-Clayton and Sadler, 2005 ) . Govender et al. , ( 2006 ) contend that what is called Sustainability Assessment/Appraisal in certain states is on a very basic level equivalent to SEA in South Africa. This entire build of manageability or reasonable advancement was first depicted by the Brundtland Commission in 1987: as † †¦ improvement that satisfies the needs of the present without trading off the capacity of future coevalss to run into their ain requests † ( World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987, p.9 ) . The Rio Earth Summit which took topographic point in 1992 more remote set out a progression of activity focuses for achieving Sustainable advancement ( SD ) furthermore advocates the utilization of effect examination devices to go to SD ( Bond and Morrison-Saunders 2011 ) . In any case, as noted prior at that spot is by all accounts no accord in the criticalness of SD as there are a few clashing readings. This was demonstrated by O’Riordan ( 2000, p.30 ) â€Å" there is no unmistakable understanding with regards to what reasonable advancement is, each tract starts and finishes at various pointsaë†â ¦ † and blending to Williams and Millington ( 2004 ) , this is on the grounds that the request of how to conjoin requests and assets can be replied in a figure of various ways. For delineation what is economical and impractical, over what clasp length is manageability accomplished and how are common limits characterized and surveyed? ( Barrett and Grizzle 1999 ; Lawrence, 1997 ) . Accordingly, for SA example to achieve supportable outcomes, it needs to recognize that various partners have various framings of what SA results ought to be ( Bond and Morrison-Saunders 2011 ) . Getting Sustainability The being of numerous meanings of practical improvement as of now represents an occupation for maintainability examination ( Bond and Morrison-Saunders 2011 ) . Basic to all definitions are two cardinal principle ; intragenerational and intergenerational value and two cardinal builds ; requests and limits ( Carter, 2001 ) . How these aspects are deciphered has been the issue of contention seen in most writing. One curious issue is the various signifiers of supportability ; powerless and solid ( George, 1999 ) . Williams and Millington ( 2004 ) alluded to ‘weak supportability ‘ or ‘shallow environmentalism ‘ as a situation wherein one needs to spread out the load of assets by creating inexhaustible assets, making substitutions for non-sustainable assets, accomplishing progressively adequate use of bing assets, and additionally by looking for mechanical answers for employments, for example, asset exhaustion and contamination. While ‘strong supportability ‘ or ‘deep biology ‘ is a situation where the requests that we make on the Earth should be changed with the goal that we devour less ( that is ; rather than suit the Earth to oblige ourselves, we adjust to run into the limit of nature ) . This announcement is additionally reached out to ecological examination ( EA ) and numerous advocators of EA see the coordinating of cultural and monetary issues in SA as a potential instrument for legitimizing the exchanging off natural worries for socio-econmoic options ( Sheate et al. , 2003 ; Morrison-Saunders and Fischer, 2006 ; Pope and Grace 2006 ) . These varying places of both solid and powerless maintainability can been found in current examples. For delineation in Western Australia, SA expands upon a solid progress of undertaking natural effect examination, empowered by the Environmental Protection Act 1986, to incorporate cultural and financial contemplations each piece great as ecological issues, along these lines augments ‘win-win-wins ‘ and limits tradeoffs ( Pope et al. , 2005 ) . In spite of the fact that this will in general back up solid manageability, design in any case shows what distinctive as found in the Gorgon gas improvement on Barrow Island ( Class A Nature Reserve ) . The Western Australian Government affirmed the improvement when ecological effects were obviously negative ; that is set abouting natural tradeoffs in favor financial and cultural advantages ( Pope et al. , 2004 ; Pope et al. , 2005 ) . This is like the ‘weak ‘ build of manageability. Other than in the UK, SA in equipped towards projects and projects. Therivel et al. , ( 2009 ) broke down 45 Sustainability Appraisals led in England dependent on their core plans ( cultural, monetary or ecological classs ) . They presumed that the projects will hold great cultural and financial impacts, yet negative natural impacts. They other than brought up that SA does non place natural reasonable turns of events, or the satisfactory tradeoff between ecological expenses and social/monetary advantages. Subsequently meaning that SAs are undoubtedly non utilizing manageability rules, since they are neither putting what ‘living inside ecological limits ‘ are nor demonstrating core plans against them. The contention about supportability is on a very basic level in three classs ; ensuring the common habitat, advancing financial open help, and providing fundamental human requests. For certain individuals human abuse of the regular habitat at long last undermines human continuance while others will reason that some consumption of characteristic assets is unavoidable, for financial developing. ( Barrett and Grizzle 1999 ) . This would unavoidable effect how aftereffects of SA are been viewed as been maintainable or unreasonable. Other than existent example is not quite the same as Governments starting plan as found in the Western Australian occurrence ( Bond and Morrison-Saunders 2011 ) . Time Scales Another of im

Children are never too young to enjoy books

Perusing has been demonstrated to make an expansion of bits of knowledge and thoughts on the peruser. During the procedure, it makes a road of learning for a person. The capacity of books to tap interest, premium and learning prepares for better energy about the various fields and give proceeded with development and improvement to an individual. The limit of books to address each age bunch has given various advantages to every one. This part will investigate the advantages of perusing to kids. Welcoming kids to peruse books at an early age can make a fun and productive approach to find new things that life brings to the table them.Even the least difficult structure can make an enduring impact in their lives. â€Å"Children are never too youthful to even consider enjoying books, and for babies it's not just about perusing the words. It's additionally about getting a charge out of the collaboration with the guardians as the kid sits with them and appreciates the consideration. † (The Kids Window, p. 1) Creating thankfulness for books at an early age can give youngsters the correct establishment for what's to come. â€Å"It's likewise a decent age to become familiar with the nuts and bolts of language and numbers, and perusing along to stories and tallying books will help their comprehension of words and numbers. † (The Kids Window, p. 1) For adolescents, perusing is likewise considered vital.Studies have indicated that individuals with a distinct fascination for perusing show model execution in school as well as in different exercises too. â€Å"When adolescents read something other than their study hall assignments, inquire about obviously shows that they for the most part well in school. † (Gisler and Eberts, 2006, p. 1) Reading makes roads for youngsters to extend their points of view over their zone of interests. This causes them in tending to the difficulties present in school. Perusing can help increment jargon, extend expository aptitu des and improve composing abilities. â€Å"This prompts a strong center of information that is valuable in a wide assortment of classes.† (Gisler and Eberts, 2006, p. 1) Lastly, perusing among adolescents enables them to perform well later on especially school tests. â€Å"No other movement constructs the jargon and understanding aptitudes expected to excel on these tests just as perusing. † (Gisler and Eberts, 2006, p. 1) For grown-ups, perusing can make immense advantages. Grown-ups will â€Å"have a superior possibility for a fruitful, satisfying grown-up life. † (Jewell, 2007, p. 1) Adults can utilize books to illuminate regarding them of new patterns and issues present in the earth. With these they can be progressively versatile and dynamic to change.â€Å"And with the blast of data in the work environment, just eager perusers can remain very much educated effortlessly. † (Jewell, 2007, p. 1) Reading can likewise push grown-ups to â€Å"acquire the capacity to filter data and to see how irrelevant realities can fit into an entirety. † (Jewell, 2007, p. 1) By working on perusing as an option for work, it can assist grown-ups with being diminished from pressure and exhaustion. With perusing, grown-ups can get familiar with extra data, fundamentally survey significant things, grant encounters and convictions and simultaneously appreciate from the joy it brings. To finish up, perusing has been a significant aspect of human behavior.Maintaining an energy for perusing can make boundless open doors for the peruser. Given the beneficial outcomes that perusing can provide for an individual, it is significant not to disregard and be underestimated. As new innovation makes open doors for every person to tap on new thoughts, data and joy effectively, inclination for perusing books is gradually decreasing. The test currently is to renew perusing to individuals. Individuals must connect with general society and make familiarity with w hat perusing can add to society. Have the option to demonstrate that as of not long ago perusing is as yet essential in the all encompassing development and improvement of an individual.In the end, perusing will in any case be a significant movement that can make opportunities for all individuals any place age bunch they are in. References Eberts, M. Ed. S and Gisler, P. Ed. S (2006) Benefits of Reading as a Teen. Recovered October 11, 2007 from http://school. familyeducation. com/high schooler/perusing/40617. html Jewell, A. V. (2007) Benefits of Reading in family. organization. Recovered October 11, 2007 from http://www. family. organization/amusement/A000000969. cfm The Kids Window. Little youngsters and the Benefits of Reading. Recovered October 11, 2007 from http://www. thekidswindow. co. uk/childbooks/benefits-of-perusing. htm

About Facebook Performance In The Social Media Market - 2200 Words

About Facebook Performance In The Social Media Market (Term Paper Sample) Content: FACEBOOK INC.ZACHARY GREENWOODCOURSE:INSTRUCTOR:DATE:Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PAGEREF _Toc482267740 \h 22.0 INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc482267741 \h 33.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT PAGEREF _Toc482267742 \h 44.0 PROJECT QUALIFICATION PAGEREF _Toc482267743 \h 44.1 The scope of Facebook PAGEREF _Toc482267744 \h 45.0 ASSUMPTIONS PAGEREF _Toc482267745 \h 56.0 LITERATURE REVIEW PAGEREF _Toc482267746 \h 56.1 Overview of the firms performance PAGEREF _Toc482267747 \h 56.2 Data collection approaches PAGEREF _Toc482267748 \h 66.3 Popularity of Facebook PAGEREF _Toc482267749 \h 67.0 STRATEGIES THAT FACEBOOK INC. CAN USE TO WIN THE MARKET PAGEREF _Toc482267750 \h 77.1 Market development PAGEREF _Toc482267751 \h 77.2 Diversification PAGEREF _Toc482267752 \h 87.3 Product development PAGEREF _Toc482267753 \h 87.4 Consistent focus on user experience PAGEREF _Toc482267754 \h 87.5 New means of monetization PAGEREF _Toc482267755 \h 97.6 Acquisition PAGEREF _Toc4 82267756 \h 97.7 Penetration Strategy PAGEREF _Toc482267757 \h 98.0 CONCLUSION PAGEREF _Toc482267758 \h 109.0 RECOMMENDATIONS PAGEREF _Toc482267759 \h 1010. REFERENCES PAGEREF _Toc482267760 \h 121.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAs the leading social media company in the world, Facebook Inc. can reverse its current decline in the number of clients and remain competitive in the social media industry. Facebook Inc. boasts of 1.6 billion users worldwide and is the leading social media organization around the globe (Smith, Grimm, Gannon, 2014). Despite the fact that users are shifting to competitors products, employment of the right strategies can re-establish customer loyalty and lure more targeted consumers aged between 18 and 35. The research conducted has established that the company is capable of maintaining its current market leadership due to various reasons. Firstly, technology is consistently advancing providing consumers with convenient and efficient means to interact and communicate (Smi th, Grimm, Gannon, 2014). Individuals from different cultures and backgrounds are embracing social media as an effective means of communication. Social media is facing fewer restrictions in many nations. Social media is a growing e-commerce tool that is widely used by businesses and consumers to sell and purchase products. Facebook is a widely recognized brand hence investing in intense and aggressive marketing is not required (Shih, 2016).2.0 INTRODUCTIONThere is no doubt that Facebook Inc. is arguably the leading social media network around the globe. However, due to the entry of other players in the industry, there has been a decline of Facebook users. Therefore, due to the recent and current decline in the number of Facebook consumers, the company has considered our group suitable to evaluate the strategies that can be undertaken to revive its market leadership position. Therefore, the group conducted a study to determine suitable strategies to reverse the decline, lure new cus tomers and maintain consumer loyalty. Facebook is a global entity; it operates in almost all countries across the globe. Competition has become stiff due to innovations and the growing number of social media companies in the global setting. The company is a recognized brand image both in the United States and other continents such as Europe, South America, Asia, Africa and Australia (Shih, 2016).This report aims at covering numerous factors that will lead to reviving the market leadership position of Facebook Inc. These strategies include mergers, product diversification, product development, market development, Consistent focus on user experience, new means of monetization and acquisition. This study will involve the management at Facebook Inc. Social media consumers in America and across the globe. Most of the research will be conducted through the web because consumers of social media products and services are located globally. Contrary to many existing opinions, we believe that the company can revive itself by applying the right market strategies and developing customer products that can attract and retain its clients.3.0 PROBLEM STATEMENTAs one of the major social media corporations, which also provide social networking services, Facebook has recently experienced a decline in its total number of users. This research aims at establishing strategies that can be applied to reverse this decline for the company to remain relevant in the current social media industry.4.0 PROJECT QUALIFICATIONThe current world is driven by globalization. All the communication barriers are broken down. Facebook Inc. is one of the companies that managed to create a platform that is allowed people not only to communicate but also to make business deals. Therefore, the recent decline of its dominance in the social media industry must raise concerns to the owners. There are many other players in the social media industry thus leading to stiff competition.4.1 The scope of FacebookFace book is a global entity; it operates in almost all countries across the globe. Competition has become stiff due to innovations and the growing number of social media companies in the global setting. The company is a recognized brand image both in the United States and other continents such as Europe, South America, Asia, Africa and Australia (Shih, 2016). This report aims at covering numerous factors that will lead to reviving the market leadership position of Facebook Inc. These strategies include mergers, product diversification, product development, market development, Consistent focus on user experience, new means of monetization and acquisition. This study will involve the management at Facebook Inc. Social media consumers in America and across the globe. Most of the research will be conducted through the web because consumers of social media products and services are located globally.5.0 ASSUMPTIONSThis study will be based on various distinct assumptions. Firstly Facebook is a globally recognized brand hence the audience that will be engaged in this research have a basic knowledge of Facebook. Additionally, the researchers assume that the decline in the number of consumers of Facebook products has been experienced across the globe, in all nations. Moreover, the marketing techniques and other corporate practices are uniformly carried out across distinct countries around the globe.6.0 LITERATURE REVIEW6.1 Overview of the firms performanceFollowing researches that I conducted including literature reviews, observation, expert reviews and personal experiences, I believe that Facebook is capable of reviving itself as a leading social media corporation. Currently, Facebook Inc. boasts of 1.6 billion users worldwide (Walther et al., 2013). The company is also the leading social media service corporation with the largest number of users around the globe. Currently, the company utilizes a marketing mix, which supports and capitalizes on its popularity. In the comp anys marketing mix, major considerations entail the nature of its online mobile apps and networking websites. However, users are opting for other services due to fact that the service has been overwhelmed with political rants and bad memes. Additionally, some of these sites deliver fast news and contents, which are easy to assess just by a click of a button. Nevertheless, I believe that Facebook has what it takes to regain its market leadership position by using the right marketing approach.6.2 Data collection approachesDue to the scope limitations pertaining primary sources such as observation and interviewing, primary research will be complemented by secondary research. In this regard, secondary sources will be widely utilized. Secondary sources include online materials in the form of journals, expert analysis, scholarly articles, data from the stock exchange and the companys recent financial year reports.6.3 Popularity of FacebookFacebook is the leading social network globally an d there is no doubt about that. The statistics indicate that despite the entry of many other players in the market, not of these competitors have been able to win the market against the Facebook in the market. Therefore, the firm still remains a leader in the market despite the challenges that the Facebook is facing in the current social industry.Fig. 1.1: Source statics 2016Facebook is the leading social media network with over 1.4 billion users. The company is followed closely by QZone, which holds the second position (Shih, 2016). This means Facebook is an established brand that controls the biggest share of the social media market, which is an advantage for the organization. Additionally, the recent acquisition of other competing networks such as Whatsapp and Instagram has helped ease competition making the company relevant in the social media market.7.0 STRATEGIES THAT FACEBOOK INC. CAN USE TO WIN THE MARKET7.1 Market developmentThis is a secondary business intensive strategy t hat the company can use for corporate growth. The main goals of this growth strategy are to penetrate a new market. One of the main techniques under this strategy entails coordinating with governments to ensure citizens can access online social networks globally (Shih, 2016). This strategy is deemed to yield results because it aligns the companys vision with its mission statement, which entails expansion through a global market penetration. This form of global market reach will maximize efficiency and effectiveness of the corporation, hence enhancing the organizations cost leadership generic strategies.7.2 DiversificationDiversification can be used as a supportive intensive strategy for the companys growth. The main goal of this growth strategy is to initiate new corporate ventures. For, instance, the company successfully bought Ocu...

Earl Richard Quinney And The Black Collar Crime - 782 Words

Reminiscent of the 1980s based considerations historically demonstrating criminological sophistication, Earl Richard Quinney is most noted for his look at crime among the wealthy or elite classes, most predominantly as white-collar crime. Quinney was born in small town rural Wisconsin in 1934 to first generation Irish immigrants. Quinney spent his youth completely in rural Wisconsin, graduating from Delevan High School. He life to this point, revolved around small farm-town living, where populist political culture dominated the landscape. During this time he developed significant skill as a writer for his high school newspaper, and this led him to later attend Carroll College, a small liberal arts institution in Waukesha, Wisconsin where he was elected as student body president (Mutchnick et al., 1990). Quinney aspired to join the Forest Service, as well as medicine, where he considered synthesizing biological science with sociology with a career in medical administration. Afte r a brief, unpleasurable, working stint upon graduation from Carroll College, Quinney attended graduate school at Northwestern University in Illinois where he wrote his master’s thesis on â€Å"Urbanization and the Scale of Society under the guidance of criminology scholars Kimball Young and William Byron. Not long after, Quinney went on to receive his post-graduate degree from his home state institution the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1962. The road to achieving his post-graduate degree

Professional And Academic Knowledge At The Fairfax County...

To enhancement of my professional and academic knowledge, the internship program might be an essential tool and supporting element. Working with the Fairfax County s ADR office, I have been gaining some knowledge in the field of workplace conflict, where facilitation, intake, and conflict coaching conflict are major techniques being used for conflict resolution. In this period, the following targeted objectives have been addressing through the different program implementation strategies. 1. Learning the techniques that can be used in the organizational conflict facilitation/mediation; 2. Enhancing my effective communication skill by outreaching to other agencies in Fairfax Government and community; 3. Developing my research skill through information gathering, verifying, and analyzing from the internet; 4. Analyzing facilitation skills needed for conflict resolution through observing meeting, training, and workshops; To address these objectives, I have been working very closely with the ADR team and getting significant amount of support. As a conflict resolution scholar, organizational conflict facilitation, and mediation techniques are extremely important and helpful to support may future job as well as academic knowledge. I have found that the Fairfax County has huge number of employee dispute and conflict because of poor relationship, lack of training, personality differences, and different values. Policy review and evaluation is importantShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagescompany as a strategic choice. Royal Bank of Scotland – corporate level strategy as seen by the company chairman. Coopers Creek – developments in domestic and international collaboration for a New Zealand winery. KPMG (B) – building a global firm in professional services. Eden Project (A) – inspiration, innovation and entrepreneurship to create a new ‘wonder of the world’. Chem Tech – innovative strategy development in the ï ¬â€šavours and fragrances industry. Key: ââ€" Ã¢â€"  = major focus ââ€"  = important subsidiary

Ethical Issues in Auditing Company Encompasses

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Issues in Auditing for Company Encompasses. Answer: 1(a): Audsabumrungrat, Pornupatham and Tan (2015.) states that business risks of a company encompasses factors that are primarily within the purview of the company, however, few risks factors are uncontrollable in nature by the companies in general and industries as a whole. The assessment of business risk profile comprises of evaluating several parameters as enumerated below: Risk pertaining to the claims: The business decisions undertaken by HIH showcases that the company has invested towards coverage sectors that entails a high risk profile. The quantum of high claims arising from the large sets coverage which were perceived to have low chance of occurrence, such as natural disasters and marine calamities, later on resulted in disbursing of high claim amounts. The inclusion of FAI in the company portfolio again raised the risks pertaining to high claims as the business operations of FAI aggravated faulty decisions in providing coverage to businesses that entailed high probability of claims. Exogenous Risks: Insurance products offered by the companies that cover natural events encompassed a high amount of risk depending on the probability of occurrence (https://www.treasury.gov.au). The change of governmental policies can in term hike the level of claims made the companys clients. The exogenous risks pertaining to the company delves towards increasing the costs of the company (Hih.com.au. 2016). Since the company focused upon providing coverage from natural disasters, the frequency of occurrence of calamities such as the Florida Typhoons and Sydney hailstorms increase the losses substantially. The maritime risks such as security concerns along with adverse weather conditions resulted in high payout to clients, therefore the company has experienced heightened amount of risks pertaining to the environmental risks. Financial Risk: The company was involved in controversial insurance products resulting towards insolvency issues. The high quantum of losses resulting from high insurance claims showcases the amount of cash outflow from the company. Moreover the acquisition of FAI that was grossly overvalued to the tune if over $300 million further aggravated the solvency issues. The subsequent writing off $400 million from the books of HIH further deteriorated the solvency conditions. The shifts in company policies towards increasing the amount of insurance coverage on high risk areas such as coverage of natural calamities, coverage of maritime activities along with the level of insurance on film industry resulted towards adverse. The restricted access to management reports aggravated the amounts of wrongdoing in management operations. Post the acquisitions of FAI the company showcased losses in case of its US and UK business (Budescu,., Peecher and Solomon 2012). The overstating of the balance sheets and income st atements resulted in misrepresentation of the financial positions in turn resulting in favorable ratios in terms of efficiency activity, liquidity and solvency positions of the company. Moreover, large lists of losses from Florida Typhoons, hailstorms in Sydney along with losses from coverage of films further escalated the adverse financial position that the company is in. 1(b): It can be inferred that involvement of directors from Arthur Anderson compromised the level of integrity in terms of preparation of financial statements. The of material fact from the HIH prospectus also reiterates that degree of disclosures was insufficient and misleading for investors of the company and its different stakeholders. In terms of opinion of auditors in relation to the financial statements, their evaluations were grossly misstated due to the degree of influence the board members exerted upon the release of financial figures. Moreover, the discounting of amount earmarked for prudential margin by the company reduced the degree of buffer that insurance companies applied to safeguard against claims of natural calamities. Therefore the risks of bankruptcy increased substantially. The implementation of reinsurance policies by the company aggravated the amount of inherent risks. That contributed significantly towards the misappropriation of funds away from the company. 2a) Reviewing of the facts from previous court cases of HIH: Statements of court cases relevant to the clients: The findings of the Royal Commission stated that HIH collapsed because of its failure to mitigate the risks pertaining to the adverse factors emerging in the insurance markets around the globe. The Commission Report also stated the presence of mismanagement pertaining to the company operations. Moreover, the claim by HIH that the downfall of the company was caused by inappropriate regulatory sanctions made by Australian Prudential Regulation was dismissed by the Commissioner of the Royal Committee (Ministers.treasury.gov.au. 1996). The subsequent recommendations made on the strengthening the independence of auditors after the Royal Commission Report showcased that the comprising of auditory guidelines were present in case of HIH, thereby indicating passively Anderson of being guilty of malpractices in auditory services. The instances of receiving payments to the tune of $124,000 by the insurance agents towards the awarding insurance payments of higher amounts have been observed by the investigators. Moreover, the involvement of company officials into large scale misappropriation of funds has been showcased by the investigation reports (Ministers.treasury.gov.au. 1996). Further, insurance coverage of assets that encompassed high rates of risks were aggravated in numbers as the company officials along with the insurance agents streamlined such efforts in consideration for monetary benefit from a few of the companys clients. Statements of court cases relevant to the creditors: As can be observed from the instances with regards to Daniel Wilkie, Terry Cassidy along with other board members, the court found them guilty of suppressing material facts regarding the financial performance of the companies. Moreover, serious lapses were observed in case of limiting the independent functioning of audits. Further, the court also found by the management of sacking or removing the financial analysts hired by the company who have expressed their concerns regarding the rising levels of losses and the financial structure of the company. Moreover, the trials and the subsequent indictment of the board chairman along with the other board members showcases that the managements followed large sets of corporate malpractices. 2b) Depiction the factors pertaining to negligence actions by HIH: Lack of transparency in corporate practices: Bhattacharjee, Maletta. and Morena (2015) states that transparency in terms of depicting true and fair view of the companys financial position along with the level of transparency in operating and investing activities are prerequisites for a companys prospects. Moreover, the presence of directors with questionable background and subsequent challenges to ethical parameters has put a doubt in terms of the integrity in business practices of the company. Issues regarding corporate governance practices: The conflict of interests arising from the wrongful governance practices can be attributed for the adverse financial repercussions in an organization (Bhattacharjee, Maletta and Moreno 2015). The non alignment of the shareholders interests with that of the managers resulted in negative effect upon the levels of corporate governances measures undertaken by HIH. Moreover, the issues pertaining to the restriction upon the non executive directors by limiting their power among the board of directors led to increment towards the level of bad governance practices. Gunin-Paracini, Malsch and Paill, (2014) states that the quantum of transparency influences ethical consideration in auditing. Moreover, the rise in principle agent problems followed from corporate governance issues resulted towards higher level of agency costs as the non alignment of interests have far reaching outcomes (Audsabumrungrat. and Tan, 2015.). 3a: The inclusion of executives from the external auditor showcases a clear conflict of interests in terms both the audit firm and the company. Gunin-Paracini, Malsch and Paill (2014) states that in order to increase the level of transparency the workings and proceeding of auditors have to be devoid of any influence from the management of the audited firm. Further, as per guidelines laid down in the Corporations Act, 2001 the company auditor requires to declare in person or as an audit firm that no external sources of coercion have been inflicted upon the proceedings of the auditor. Moreover, the Act also states the auditors require declaring whether external audit has been conducted independently. The appointment of former executives of Anderson showcases that there is an underlying set up between the company and the external auditor. Point to be noted is the fact that the chairman of the board of director himself is former employee of Anderson; thereby the magnitude of fraud in auditin g the financial statements can be measured by such adverse managerial appointments. The reasons behind the inclusion of the Andersons former executives on the managerial board of HIH can be several, primary among them being enumerated below: To bring expertise into managing company policies in accordance with the accounting standards and legal framework of the market that the company deals in. In order to initiate window dressing comprising of suppressing large losses that the company incurred from covering high risk assets. To vitiate the independence of external auditors of the firm through alignment of Andersons goals of higher revenues, from audit and non audit services, with that of HIHs objective to increase its market price. To overstate the acquisition costs of FAI with the external auditor providing favorable audit reports. In order to suppress details of actual financial performance of the company through assistance from its external auditors. 3b Auditing firms usually tends to have expertise in terms of regulations and guidelines pertaining of investigating servies (Keune and Johnstone 2012). The non audit services provided by the external auditor of the firms tend to have several advantages as enumerated below: The safeguarding of revenues from high payments towards corporate taxes can be initiated with the assistance from the external auditors as the auditors have sufficient knowledge regarding tax laws and acts (Griffin, J.B., 2014). The insight into the operations of the company by the external auditor because of inspections and evaluation of company activities for preparation of audit report may in turn make the auditors well versed with the companys operations. Thereby, the auditors of the company are in a better position to provide consultation services. Exposure to operating and financing activities of the firm helps the auditors to earmark the discrepancies in different sets of corporate operations. The probability is high that the auditor is well versed with the challenges that are unique to the industry, in which the company belongs to. Moreover, the fees for consultative services from the external auditor are lesser than what is charged by other consultants. 3c: There is multiple numbers of ethical violations committed in the current case by the auditors of the firm. In this case, the fees for non audit services does not exceed the amount of auditing fees thereby not exceeding the ceiling prescribed in the taxation laws such as the Corporations Act, 2001 among others. However, the presence of former associates of Arthur Anderson, the external auditors, in the board of HIH followed by non audit fees that is close to matching the level of audit fees provides space for speculations. Investigations into the case revealed that the investors were provided audited financial statement that contained inflated levels of profits and were bereft of any fair representation of material facts. Moreover, it can also be inferred that the losses faced by HHI could have been mitigated if adequate amount of auditory control on the company were applied. Thereby, the auditors have restrained themselves from following ethical guidelines while conducting audits. 3d: Different recommendations enumerated in the Ramsay Report and CLERP 9 aims towards ensuring corporate governance practices in organization through limiting the scope of unethical auditory practices. The recommendations are depicted as follows: Ramsay report suggested that the auditor requires formally declaring that the auditor has been independent in conducting auditory services. The CLERP 9 requires that the CEOs and CFOs certify that their balance sheet and financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the relevant corporate laws. Entitlement of shareholders to submit queries relating to the audit in the annual general meeting. Compulsory attendance of auditors in annual general meetings of their companies. Compulsory disclosure of payments made to the auditors for non audit service fees. The compulsory declaration made by directors certifying that they are satisfied that non audit services does not compromise the independence of the auditor. The implementation of such recommendations is aimed towards limiting the quantum of unethical practices with regards to misrepresentation of material facts in financial statements. Moreover, the key executives are included under the aforementioned sets of recommendations in order to make them accountable for any lapses in fair representation of financial figures in financial statements and annual reports. Further, emphasis has been made towards ensuring that audit proceedings are bereft of any biasness by recommending that the declarations are made by auditors in regards to independence of auditory services. Moreover, in order to further mitigate unethical practices the non audit services provided by the auditors are checked for any influence upon the auditory proceedings. References and Bibliography: Amiram, D., Chircop, J., Landsman, W.R. and Peasnell, K.V., 2015. Mandatorily Disclosed Materiality Thresholds, their Determinants, and their Association with Earnings Multiples.Available at SSRN 2631876. Audsabumrungrat, J., Pornupatham, S. and Tan, H.T., 2015. Joint Impact of Materiality Guidance and Justification Requirement on Auditors' Planning Materiality.Behavioral Research in Accounting. Beck, M.J. and Mauldin, E.G., 2014. Who's really in charge? Audit committee versus CFO power and audit fees.The Accounting Review,89(6), pp.2057-2085. Bhattacharjee, S., Maletta, M.J. and Moreno, K.K., 2015. The Role of Account Subjectivity and Risk of Material Misstatement on Auditors' Internal Audit Reliance Judgments.Accounting Horizons,30(2), pp.225-238. Boritz, J.E. and Huo, K., 2013. The Effect of Alternative Business Model Representation Techniques on Business and Audit Risk Assessment. In Academic Accounting Association (CAAA) Annual Conference, June. Budescu, D.V., Peecher, M.E. and Solomon, I., 2012. The joint influence of the extent and nature of audit evidence, materiality thresholds, and misstatement type on achieved audit risk.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(2), pp.19-41. Chen, T.T., Zhang, F.F. and Zhou, G.S., 2016. Secrecy Culture and Audit Opinion: Some International Evidence.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting. Foo, W., Bliss, M.A., Gul, F.A. and Lai, K., 2016. Auditors Response to Analysts Forecast Properties: Some Evidence from Audit Fee Pricing.Available at SSRN 2800904. Griffin, J.B., 2014. The effects of uncertainty and disclosure on auditors' fair value materiality decisions.Journal of Accounting Research,52(5), pp.1165-1193. Hih.com.au. (2016). HIH Insurance - Royal Commission. [online] Available at: https://www.hih.com.au/Group-HIHRoyalCommision.html [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016]. Gunin-Paracini, H., Malsch, B. and Paill, A.M., 2014. Fear and risk in the audit process.Accounting, Organizations and Society,39(4), pp.264-288. Hih.com.au. (2016). HIH Insurance - Royal Commission. [online] Available at: https://www.hih.com.au/Group-HIHRoyalCommision.html [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016]. Hines, C.S., Masli, A., Mauldin, E.G. and Peters, G.F., 2015. Board risk committees and audit pricing.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(4), pp.59-84. Keune, M.B. and Johnstone, K.M., 2012. Materiality judgments and the resolution of detected misstatements: The role of managers, auditors, and audit committees.The Accounting Review,87(5), pp.1641-1677. Legoria, J., Melendrez, K.D. and Reynolds, J.K., 2013. Qualitative audit materiality and earnings management.Review of Accounting Studies,18(2), pp.414-442. Ministers.treasury.gov.au. (1996). Press Release - Report of the HIH Royal Commission [16/04/2003]. [online] Available at: https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=pressreleases/2003/020.htmpageID=003min=phcYear=2003DocType=0 [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016].. Sarens, G., Christopher, J. and Zaman, M., 2013. A study of the informal interactions between audit committees and internal auditors in Australia.Australian Accounting Review,23(4), pp.307-329. Woo, S., Rhee, C.S. and Woo, S., 2015. The Effect Of Directors And Officers Liability Insurance On Audit Effort.Journal of Applied Business Research,31(6), p.2039. Yao, D.F.T., Percy, M. and Hu, F., 2015. Fair value accounting for non-current assets and audit fees: evidence from Australian companies.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(1), pp.31-45. Treasury.gov.au. (2016). 3. Aftermath of the HIH collapse | The Treasury. [online] Available at: https://www.treasury.gov.au/PublicationsAndMedia/Publications/2015/Economic-Roundup-Issue-1/HTML/article-3/3-Aftermath-of-the-HIH-collapse [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016].

Vancouver and Riyadh An Examination

Introduction There has always been a startling contrast between the transportation systems of developed and developing countries with the former usually having well planned, modernized and efficient methods of transportation while the latter is usually considered mired in bureaucratic entanglements, inefficiency and a lack of sufficient urban planning that transport systems are seemingly added on as an afterthought to a city’s creation. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vancouver and Riyadh: An Examination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such contrasting natures can be seen in the case of Riyadh and Vancouver wherein both cities exemplify the differences in urban planning and transportation development between developed and developing countries and as such make an interesting case to observe whether any similarities in transport systems exist despite the inherent differences between the two. Air Transport One of the first major similarities between Vancouver and Riyadh is that both cities have major airports situated â€Å"relatively† close by with Vancouver International Airport located 12 km from the downtown district of the city while Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport is located 35 km away. On average the King Khalid International Airport handles 15 million passengers a year while Vancouver International Airport handles 17 million a year, this shows a relatively close similarity in the sheer amount of people that pass through both cities on a yearly basis and is a good starting point in order to determine whether other similarities between these two diverse locations. Before proceeding any further, it is necessary to bring up the fact that due to Vancouver’s proximity to large bodies of water the city does have an alternate method of air transport in the form of planes that can land and take off from the water (Boyle, Haggerty, 2011). Though such planes are not as well used now as they were before, they still constitute one aspect of Vancouver’s transportation system and truly sets it apart from Riyadh due to the fact that such planes are not used at all within this city due to its proximity to one of the largest deserts on the planet. Rail Transport Systems The main difference between the two cities in terms of transportation capacity is the fact that Vancouver has several light rail transport systems meant to offset traffic and make it easier for people to move from one part of the city to another. Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These transport systems are composed of the Sky train, the West Coast Commuter Express, the Expo line, the Millennium line and the Canada line, all of which service millions of commuters a day. It must also be noted that the Sky train transport system actually goes all the way to Vancouver I nternational Airport which makes it all the more easier to travel for travelers to reach the city at a quick pace (Boyle, Haggerty, 2011). In comparison, Riyadh is relatively lacking in terms of a sufficiently capable mass light rail transport system within its transportation system with only a traditional mass rail line operated by the Saudi Railway Authority being the only comparatively close system that is even â€Å"similar† to the rail transport systems Vancouver has at the present. It must be noted though that there are currently plans to build the Riyadh Light Transit Railway (LTR) in order to service various parts of the city, unfortunately this particular plan has suffered considerable setbacks in the form of bureaucratic entanglements to the extent that despite being announced two to three years ago the basic foundations for the light rail transport system have yet to even be established (Gcc Meet To Discuss Railways Network, 2007). Arteries of Transportation It is quite interesting to note that despite the fact that Vancouver has a more efficient system of public transportation and urban planning it lags behind Riyadh in terms of the sheer amount of highways that service the city. At the present, Riyadh is serviced by the Eastern Ring road (which connect the southern and northern parts of the city), the Northern Ring Road (this connects the eastern and western halves of the city), while the King Fahd road goes entirely through the center of the city and connects its north and south end. It must also be noted that the Makkah road which is situated parallel to the Eastern Ring Road connects various aspects of the city’s financial and diplomatic district with other sections within the eastern half of the city. Vancouver on the other hand merely has Highway 1 as its primary highway transport artery and is situated near the north-eastern half of the city. Explaining the Difference The main reason why there is such a strange disparity b etween the cases of Riyadh and Vancouver in terms of the number of highways that service the city is due to divergence in focus between the two. In the case of Vancouver, local city councils and urban planners in the 1960s-1970s focused on the development of long term plans which espoused mass transportation systems and easy methods of commuting rather than place an emphasis on the use of cars as a the primary method of transportation within the city. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vancouver and Riyadh: An Examination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This particular train of thought continued to carry over in successive councils which was further influenced by the â€Å"green movement† within various western countries which led towards the promotion of clean transportation systems and less reliance on gas guzzling vehicles. As a result, despite Vancouver’s increasing population rates the city ha s actually experienced a 7% decline in car usage ever since the early half of the 1990s. This particular emphasis on mass transportation and â€Å"green living† has also manifested itself in the form of stricter rules and regulations on the use of cars which is meant to encourage commuting rather than driving. On the other end of the spectrum, Saudi Arabia due its status as an oil exporting country has relatively low local fuel costs as compared to that of other countries (Saudi Arabia, 1999). With no limits on personal car ownership (so long as you can afford it) this has encouraged the use of cars as the primary method of transportation within the city of Riyadh. Unfortunately, this has brought with it a host of various problems such as increasing numbers of traffic jams, delays in commuting, and the proliferation of lung related diseases as a result of the sheer amount of carbon dioxide emissions. It must also be noted that there is a distinct lack of environmental owner ship within the case of Riyadh and as such it is unlikely that any method of urban transportation and development which focuses on â€Å"green living† will be developed any time soon. Buses and Taxis Aside from owning your own car, taxis and buses are the primary method of transportation within Riyadh with most people opting to use a taxi whenever possible due to the relatively poor conditions of the public bus system and the fact that several of the buses are at times not air conditioned at all (a relatively troublesome factor given that that Riyadh is for all intents and purposes located within the center of a desert). Vancouver on the other hand has developed an entirely different set of policies for its internal transportation system with relatively few taxis and Translink being the provider of bus transport related services within the center of the city (Jump in, 2010). Before proceeding it must also be noted that due to its emphasis on clean living, the city has actua lly encouraged the use of various methods of manually powered methods of transportation (i.e. biking or walking) as a means of reducing environmental pollution and encouraging people to live healthier lifestyles. This has been generally well accepted by member of the local community and continues to be a favored method of transportation within the city. Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It must be noted though that the one reason why such a policy system would not work in the case of Riyadh is due to the fact that the extreme temperatures of the city (which can reach 40 degrees Celsius or more) dissuades alternative methods of transportation given the fact that the temperatures alone are not conducive towards manually powered transportation schemes. Water transport systems Proximity to a large body of fresh water, this is the main difference between the two cities and is defining factor of this section which explores the water transportation mechanisms within Vancouver which are all but absent in the case of Riyadh. Presently, the city is serviced by two ferry terminals located at Horseshoe Bay (which is to the west of Vancouver) while the other is located further south in the Tsawwassen area. On average these ferries transport people and various types of cargo from area of Vancouver at a relatively affordable rate. Though slow, this classic method of transportati on does go through the â€Å"scenic† route which showcases the beauty of the local area. Considering the fact that Riyadh has no water transport methods that can transport goods in between areas of the city, this in effect is one of the main divergences between the two. Conclusion Based on the various facts presented, it can be seen that while there are â€Å"slight† similarities in the transportation systems utilized between Vancouver and Riyadh, there are more inherent differences between the two. Various reasons behind this divergence stem from either the different local environment (where Vancouver is definitely colder than Riyadh and has a different regional ecosystem all to together) to variances in the way in which local government units view the necessity of mass transportation systems and the implementation of â€Å"green technologies† as a means of combating pollution. It must also be noted that since Saudi Arabia is an oil rich nation with gas price s being relatively low, this enables people who live within Riyadh to affordably utilize their cars at all hours of the day which is in direct contrast to the relatively high price of gas within Vancouver. On the other hand, based on the data that has been shown it can be seen that the transportation systems inherent within a city are direct reflects of the quality of life within the area with people living in Vancouver having a far cleaner and healthier way of living due to the lack of pollutants in the air as compared to their counterparts within Riyadh. Reference List Boyle, P., Haggerty, K. D. (2011). Civil Cities and Urban Governance: Regulating Disorder for the Vancouver Winter Olympics. Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.), 48(15), 3185-3201. Gcc Meet To Discuss Railways Network. (2007). Arabia 2000. Jump in. (2010). Weekly Reader News – Senior, 88(16), 4. Saudi Arabia. (1999). MEED: Middle East Economic Digest, 43(11), 30. This essay on Vancouver and Riyadh: An Examination was written and submitted by user Santiago N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

stabilizing american gov. essays

stabilizing american gov. essays In 1788 the Americans established a system of government under the Constitution. This government was new and unusual. It contained an executive branch, a judicial branch, and a legislative branch. The government started weak and bankrupt. The states and the nation were in dept from the war. The world was very skeptical about the strength of government would have. What started out to be an insecure and unstable government soon turned into a firm and established government due to the efforts of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. George Washington was unanimously chosen to be president in the first presidential election. George Washington was the revolutionary war hero whom everyone adored. Standing at 6 2 and weighing 170 pounds, Washington was a prominent figure who people listened to. Washington knew the instability of the government and the rough road it faced for the next few decades. With the French Revolution at hand, Washington declared a Proclamation of Neutrality. This proclaimed the US would not be militarily involved during the French Revolution, going against an earlier treaty America made with France. Washington also suggested merchants to cease trading. The government allowed the ships to trade with the European countries, but did not off them any aid if they were attacked. The Proclamation of Neutrality ordained Americas foreign policy of semi-isolation. Americas foreign policy allowed the country to focus on repaying its debts and building a national bank. By not being involved in a foreign conflict, America was able to strengthen its government. While under Washingtons presidency the Jay Treaty was signed. This took a major step to peace between America and Europe. Washington showed his persistence in strengthening the government by signing a treaty that gave them nothing but a guarantee that England wouldnt attack. When Citizen Genet came to America to...

Describe how to manage conflict in interpersonal communication Essay

Describe how to manage conflict in interpersonal communication - Essay Example As indicated by Flanigan (1992), â€Å"forgiveness is the method by which people in intimate relationships let each other ‘off the hook’ for various acts of ruthlessness and unkindness† (p.2) †¦it occurs in a transaction (p.5)†¦[it] is the method by which the wounded person can readmit an outcast [and] the wounded person reopens his heart to take in and reaccept his offender†. . . [and] when it is final, it imparts peace to the forgiver and restores a modicum of kindness to the human community as a whole† (p.11). As can be deduced, therefore, the characteristics of forgiveness include: â€Å"(1) no longer harbored resentment against their offenders, (2) felt neutral toward their offenders, (3) once again experienced some degree of trust in their offenders, or (4) reconciled with their offenders, or when they experienced some combination of these four end-states† (Flanigan, 1992, p. 153). Since forgiveness was considered a process or a method â€Å"through which an injured person first fights off, then embraces, then conquers a situation that has nearly destroyed him† (Flanigan, 1992, p. 71), it is clearly evident that it is a crucial part of conflict, where conflict instigates the journey towards liberation from pain. One remembers from a personal experience that forgiveness was the positive end to a conflict situation. As emphasized by Flanigan, â€Å"the process of forgiving begins at its point of departure, naming the injury, and ends at its destination, the emergence of a new self. The stopping-off points in between are claiming the injury, blaming the injurer, balancing the scales, and choosing to forgive† (p.72). In one’s conflict scenario, the party involved in the conflict was a very close friend in school who was part of the small circle of steady friends who I share secrets with and spend most of the academic life with. The conflict occurred when that

Fallacies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Fallacies - Assignment Example One common source of fallacies is the media and this paper seeks to examine two exemplary and common fallacies from this source and illustrate how this source construes information to convince the audience. This is a common fallacy that is committed over the television. Ignoratio elenchi directly translates to "irrelevant thesis", which in formal perspective refers to a negation that fails to concentrate on the central argument (Destiny 2008). As commonly seen in televised political debates between presidential candidates, the interviewer might ask one of the candidates how he can handle the rising unemployment rates should he or she become the president, then the candidate may answer â€Å"I am glad you asked, since unemployment is a major problem facing our country, however, my opponent’s strategy to handle this situation is entirely insufficient,† (Destiny 2008). As illustrated from this example, the presidential candidate completely negated the question. This is a potent and a simple form of illogical fallacy. It occurs when an individual misinterprets the position held by the opponent (Destiny 2008). Such an argument was televised in the year 2001 when President George Bush assumed office he advocated for a new system of testing in schools, and then formed an argument that those opposing such a system were not interested in holding the schools responsible for their poor performance. On subjection to retrospection, such an assertion was not true, and it is dismissed on the basis that other political opponents had offered other adequate alternatives. After having studied logic, I explicitly understand how to distinguish between firmly grounded arguments that in essence have a basis from fallacious statements. Therefore, I do not think that I will be fooled by these fallacies. Presenters of fallacious arguments essentially construe information to appeal to the viewer, and as such they generally assume

Narrative Essay Example Essay Example for Free

Narrative Essay Example Essay Have you ever been in one of those never ending conversations? The ones where the speaker goes on and on for ages about a topic that you do not understand and could care even less about? Have you ever felt like a joke went straight over your head or that you were missing something as you struggled to find the context in a conversation? That is an everyday occurrence for people like me, affectionately called Aspies: people who have what is known as Asperger’s Syndrome. Since being diagnosed with this, everyone who has been aware of it has felt the need to make some sort of accommodation for my ‘disability. ’ A diagnosis that society feels I need because I think differently than the rest. How does society define you? I have spent my entire life trying to prove that our labels do not matter in comparison to our contributions to society. Aspies are very socially awkward. We cannot read non-verbal cues, societal niceties are often thought strange and hard to grasp, and we tend to be more than a little introverted. I have a very ‘mild’ case. No, I cannot read social cues. Yes, society’s unwritten rules drive me crazy. Absolutely, I would prefer to be alone or with a small select group of people. However, none of these characteristics define me. One characteristic of Aspies is that we often have a specialized and intense interest in something. My obsession is Star Trek, particularly the alternate reality movie series starring Chris Pine, Zachary Quinto, Zoe Saldana, Simon Pegg, and Karl Urban. I once heard someone equate people with Asperger’s to the Vulcan race from Star Trek. It is quite a fitting description. Vulcans are typically calm, rational, and even keeled people, but lord help you if you manage to anger one. They do not like to be touched and have a ‘muted’ sense of their own, and others, emotions (although in truth both are so sensitive that we have to shut off our empathy in order to function). Spock, the most commonly known Vulcan, exhibits this range of emotions in the JJ Abrams 2009 Star Trek remake movie. He is coolly rational, even as his planet is destroyed, but becomes near homicidal after Kirk starts throwing disparaging comments about his mother. Even so Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock are two-thirds of a trio that has gone down in pop culture legend along with the ever snarky Dr. McCoy. The Freudian trio that everyone so loves shows that there needs to be a balance of personalities which in the case of Star Trek, as in so many others, is the cold and logical (Spock), the emotional and humanistic (McCoy), and the rational and intuitive (Kirk). There are so many labels that get thrown on people throughout their lifetime; jarhead, slut, and geek just to name a few. Not many people strictly fit in to just the one singular box to which society relegates us. Really, who wants to fit in just one category? Every person is, as my friend Marilyn would say, a unique and beautiful snowflake. Having Asperger’s certainly qualifies me as a ‘special snowflake’, but there are some drawbacks. One of those is that we find it incredibly difficult to discuss our personal lives and often the only people who are aware of our personal thoughts and feelings are those who are in our close inner circle. One of my inner circle in high school was a girl named Jules. She was, without a doubt, the poster child for the school. She was beautiful, the head cheerleader who competed in beauty pageants and was the prom princess. It would have been so easy for her to have been content with being well loved by the community just because she was pretty and popular. Jules was not like that though. She was the vice president of our class three years running. She graduated a mere . 0002 from being the salutatorian. She was involved in the student community service club and the school’s religious advocacy team. Jules could have been content with her place as a cheerleader in the status quo, but she chose to defy society’s expectations of her. Within those societal labels is one of the most interesting phenomena; the labels are so generalized. Take for instance the geek or nerd box. It is a label that I accept as one of the closest fit for identifying me because I love to read, can quote passages of Harry Potter on a whim, and spend entirely too much of my time on FanFiction, just to name of few of my personal quirks. There are so many different ways that people are relegated to this outlier corner. Trekkies, Whovians, people who like anime and manga, movie nerds, and people who love working with technology are just small portion of the different kinds of people that are defined as a nerd. The labels that limit us so much do not even completely define us. They do not fully describe who we are as people or give full insight into our personalities. In my lifetime some of the most extroverted, party-hard people were nerds and some of the quietest and shy were cheerleaders. Bringing us full circle, I am an Aspie. However, I have gotten better with time and a little coaching at understanding social cues. I understand that the rant that I have been going on for the last three pages probably does not interest you. You have done the exact same things before. You have gone on and on about something that you are passionate about without regard for the interest level of those around you. I could go on for hours, yet sometimes being concise is better. I doubt there are many people who have not at least heard of The Breakfast Club. Its last remarks so poignantly drives the concept home: Brian Johnson: You see us as you want to see us In the simplest terms, in the most convenient definitions. But what we found out is that each one of us is a brain Andrew Clark: and an athlete Allison Reynolds: and a basket case Claire Standish: a princess John Bender: and a criminal Brian Johnson: Does that answer your question? Sincerely yours, the Breakfast Club. To you, who, whatever box you may have been stuck in or maybe even embraced all on your own, remember labels are just for cans of soup. The Breakfast Club. Dir. John Hughes. Perf. Emilio Estevez, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald. 1985. Universal, 2003. DVD.

The Creation of Encyclopedia :: History Philosophy Philosophers essays

The Creation of Encyclopedia Webster's New World Dictionary defines the Enlightenment as "an 18th-century European philosophical movement characterized by rationalism, an impetus toward learning, and a spirit of skepticism and empiricism in social and political thought." During this period of enlightenment, the way the world was viewed changed in a large part because of the group of philosophers known as the philosophes. During the Enlightenment the greatest philosophical movement of the philosophes was the creation of the Encylopedie ou Dicionnaire raisonne des sciences des arts et des mà ©tiers, or in English; the rational dictionary of the sciences, the arts and the crafts, otherwise known as the Encyclopedia. The philosophe's encyclopedia is regarded so highly because it brought about a new way of thinking, an enlightened way of thinking. The encyclopedia, according to the Electric Library, dates back to Aristotle and his attempts at compiling large amounts of information. Other encyclopedia's were written after Aristotle's attempt, including one that was published just a few years before the philosophe's Encyclopedia, the Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia. (1) According to the Denis Diderot History web page, the Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia was the inspiration for the philosophe's Encyclopedia. The intention was to create a French translation of the Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia, but when Denis Diderot was hired as editor, the outlook of the Encyclopedia changed. Diderot did not want a mere translation; instead he wanted an encyclopedia that would "enlighten and explain every aspect of existence." (1) Denis Diderot and another editor, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, a noted scientist and mathematician, started working on the Encyclopedia in 1745. Among the many responsibilities of creating such a big compilation of knowledge, was finding authors to write the Encyclopedia. To accomplish this task, Diderot and d'Alembert employed the services of some of the greatest minds of the time: people like Voltaire, Turgot, Quesnay, d'Holbach, Montesquieu, Buffon, and Rousseau. Robert Morrissey summed up the philosophes efforts by saying that, "these great minds (and some lesser ones) collaborated in the goal of assembling and disseminating in clear, accessible prose the fruits of accumulated knowledge and learning." (2) The Encyclopedia itself consists of seventeen volumes with a total of roughly 72,000 articles and 16,500 pages. According to Morrisey, "the typical article includes the head word, its part of speech and gender, the category of knowledge to which the article belongs (e.

Management and Leadership Essay

Management and leadership are considered synonymous, but actually they are two different words. Management is defined as, â€Å"The art, manner or practice of managing, handling supervision or control whereas leadership is defined as, â€Å"The ability to: â€Å"express a vision, influence others to achieve results, encourage team cooperation, and be an example.† Leadership is â€Å"getting others to want to do things.† Leadership is intimately tied up with motivating and influencing others. Managers are administrators who write business plans, set budgets, monitor progress, solve problems and facilitate meetings. A manager achieves authority and position through experience, understanding, time and loyalty. Managers have subordinates but a leader has followers. A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the choice of the group. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without using his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership. As put by Faye Wattle ton, â€Å"The only safe ship in a storm is leadership.†Organizational CultureAccording to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary — â€Å"culture is the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action, and artifacts and depends on man’s capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations.†Organization culture is a system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its memebers .It includes routine, behaviors, norms, dominant values and a feeling or climate conveyed..The pupose and function of this culture is to help foster internal integration, bring staff members from all levels of the organization much closer together and enhance their performance. A company’s culture determines a lot of the organization’s behavior. A culture may be strong (having a dramatic influence over an individual’s behavior) or weak (having a relatively low impact on behavior).A strong culture is a coherent set of beliefs, values, assumptions, and practices embraced by most members of the organization. It fosters motivation, commitment, identity, solidarity, and sameness, which, in turn, facilitates internal integration and coordination. An understanding of organizational culture and how to transform it is crucially important for managers and leaders to achieve strategic outcomes. The position of strategic leaders in an organization assists them to see the dynamics of their organizational culture and attain the essence of strategic success through positive transformation. â€Å"Effective managers recognize that replacing a long term culture of traditional values with one that embodies the competitive values needed in the future can take years. But the rewards of that effort will be an organization much more effective and responsive to its environmental challenges and opportunities.†(Bateman & Snell, 2007)Organizational Culture at Southwest AirlinesSouthwest Airlines was founded in 1971 as a low-cost regional air carrier. The company’s mission stated on its website truly reflects its positive and healthy organizational culture. â€Å"We are committed to provide our Employees a stable work environment with equal opportunity for learning and personal growth. Creativity and innovation are encouraged for improving the effectiveness of Southwest Airlines. Above all, Employees will be provided the same concern, respect, and caring attitude within the organization that they are expected to share externally with every Southwest Customer.†Southwest Airlines has consistently been successful in terms of profitability, good employee and union relations, and customer satisfaction – at a time when most airline carriers are struggling in all these areas. Central to the company’s success is a culture of flexibility, family-orientation, and fun. They believe in, â€Å"The way you treat and reward employees is one part of your company’s culture†. Culture is the company’s way of life. It is how the business functions, operates, handles stress and reinforces its staff. It is the company’s general attitude toward the world. Southwest has built a reputation as a fun, light-hearted and irreverent airline with a happy staff. It is said that Southwest’s biggest hiring criterion is whether an applicant smiles during his or her interview. Southwest feels it can train anyone to do the job, but it cannot teach a person to have a positive attitude. Southwest Airlines has recognized that smiling staff members can  handle negative issues skillfully and still satisfy their customers. Southwest is also identified as the early leader of worker responsibility. The company limits emphasis on the formal organizational structure. At Southwest, decision making is the process which is done by management/worker committees. Leadership meetings are taped and shared with employees. The researchers learned that productivity could be maximized when employees felt as though their needs were being considered by receiving attention for their work. This phenomenon became known as the Hawthorne Effect. It is as true today as it was during the last century that paying attention to our human assets produces tremendous results. Southwest Airlines has learned to capitalize on the principles of the Hawthorne Effect. Southwest Airlines has consistently remained at the top of its industry, while placing a rigorous focus on employees’ feedback and needs. Southwest seeks to share the company’s success with its employees. The airline achieved high levels of employee satisfaction and was included in the Fortune magazine’s list of the â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for in America† for three years in a row. â€Å"Southwest’s no-layoff response to September 11 was a reminder to its employees of the organization’s tradition of caring for its people. When asked to comment on this, an official explained, â€Å"Its part of our culture. We’ve always said we’ll do whatever we can to take care of our people. So that’s what we’ve tried to do.† Many analysts feel that the remarkable performance of Southwest is because of its ability to build and sustain relationships characterized by shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect between employees. Southwest’s organizational culture was shaped by Kelleher’s leadership. Kelleher’s personality had a strong influence on the culture of Southwest, which symbolizes his spontaneity, energy and competitiveness. Southwest’s culture had three themes: love, fun and efficiency. Kelleher treated all the employees as a â€Å"lovely and loving family†. Southwest attempts to promote a close-knit, supportive and enduring family-like culture. The Company initiated various measures to foster intimacy and informality among employees. Southwest encouraged its people to  conduct business in a loving manner. Employees are expected to care about people and act in ways that affirm their dignity and worth. Instead of decorating the wall of its headquarters with paintings, the company hung photographs of its employees taking part at company events, news clippings, letters, articles and advertisements. Southwest’s organizational culture encourages employees to be innovative, to communicate, understand and care, be devoted to customer service and most importantly to be an Individual. It maintains its success due to employee education, much of which takes place in Southwest Airlines’ festive learning center: the University for People. Southwest sees learning as a never-ending process. University for People trainers, known as facilitators, build a foundation for an ongoing learning environment through a supervisory leadership class called â€Å"Leadership Southwest Style,† which utilizes the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ® (MBTI ®) assessment for self discovery. At Southwest Airlines, management wants employees to feel comfortable, reflecting its philosophy that an employee who is comfortable can think more freely and creatively. Regular celebrations bring employees together. These include â€Å"Spirit Parties,† Culture parties, and weekly Deck Parties at headquarters. Activities at these events include talent shows, dance contests, limbo contests, karaoke, and famous person look-alike themes. The Culture Committee welcomes new employees with a New Hire Welcome Kit, which includes a bag, tee-shirt, badge holder, pen, and welcome letter. Southwest Airlines is an excellent example of social invention that helps people discover their true capabilities. The social environment combines humor with responsibility. Employees work in teams without outside supervision. At job interviews, along with other self-development attitude, the prospective employee must show a sense of humor. The company recognizes the key to its culture is â€Å"The Spirit of LUV.† Their commitment to hire people with the capacity to love and serve others has yielded a bountiful harvest of loyalty and money. Hence it shows a very well combination of management and leadership. Key concepts of organizational culture at Southwest Airlines †¢Encourage to assume ownership †¢Hire for life †¢Trust their decisions†¢Give employees  immediate access to critical information. †¢They have the power to make adjustments and to fix significant problems quickly. Results achieved through these concepts†¢On-time arrivals, proper baggage handling, and customer complaints are communicated on a weekly basis. †¢Everyone is focused on customer service and making Southwest a success which allows them to expand outside of â€Å"assigned† responsibilitiesStrategies that organizational managers and leaders can use to create and maintain healthy organizational cultureMotivation Management – Leaders must have coaching skills, not control skills. Motivated people have goals and seek ways to achieve them. Efficiency is the result of motivated employees. The self motivated employees assume responsibility for their tasks. It creates an environment where workers trust management and management trust workers. Continuous Learning Opportunity – Motivation is associated with the desire to learn. Without it, motivation dies. Most businesses operate with a wide knowledge gap between worker and management. All through history this has been the policy, it is job security for leadership. Today, efficiency requires workers to assume responsibility and this requires the narrowing of the knowledge gap. This is achieved by empowering workers. A strong organizational culture and an approach to learning that encompasses more than just training classes can create an organization that learns and improves upon its past successes. When change occurs, organizations with a learning culture and a focus on organizational development can surpass even their own expectations. ConclusionTo sum up, leadership is essentially related to a person’s skills, abilities and scope of influence and management is a theory and a way of doing business. The managers who truly exercise the four functions of management; planning, organizing, leading and controlling, to accomplish their organizational goals are also true leadersAs time and requirements of  an organization change, there is always a need to change managerial functions. Managers at all levels must anticipate and adapt to changes. In any ordinary but expanding organization the next future change might be to restructure the organization. Technology is bringing a change in leadership styles. The command-and-control leadership methods of the last century are extremely inefficient in the fast changing technology world. Motivating environments are needed on the front-line with people who assume responsibility and exercise leadership. To attract and keep this type of person, the work environment must inspire and exploit employee capabilities. References Bateman, Thomas S. & Snell Scott A. (2007). Management: Leading and collaborating in acompetitive world. (Seventh edition), Ch-2 & 12 pgs 66- 69 & 393-383Southwest Airline webpage. Retrieved on April 20, 2007 from www.southwestairlines.comSouthwest Airlines. Retrieved on April 19, 2007 from www.caseplace.orgFrazee, Bonnie (Nov, 2006).Organizational Behavior and the Learning Process. Retrieved onApril19, 2007 from www.innovativelearning.com

An Investigation into the Effects of Race on the...

An Investigation into the Effects of Race on the Perception of Guilt Abstract The aim is the see whether people are more likely to find a black man guilty of a crime. Having found both a black man and a white man of middle attractiveness out of a choice of 10 photos picked from magazines, subjects were read a short account of a crime and rated the guilt of the offender on a scale of 0 to 10 (with 0 being not guilty). I used subjects aged between 11 and 18, all were Caucasian and attended Sevenoaks School. I used 75 subjects in total. They were shown either the picture of the black man, the picture of the white man or no picture as a control. The results showed that the black man was†¦show more content†¦This physical appearance generates other judgements about a persons personality. In 1933 Katz and Braly conducted an experiment into ethnic stereotypes. They asked Princeton University students to indicate which 5 words out of 84 they would associate with 10 different ethnic groups. If more than 75% of students associated a characteristic with one g roup it was considered a stereotype. Blacks were stereotyped as lazy, immoral, dishonest and given to crimes of violence. This experiment is criticised because it lacks reliability and relevance to modern society. It was conducted in 1933 in America, we live in another century and society has developed enormously. Gilbert repeated the experiment in 1951 and Karlins in 1969 and in each subsequent experiment the stereotypes were significantly weaker. When this experiment is repeated it produces different results and so is unreliable. Subjects showed increasing reluctance to participate because they were less willing to express stereotypes. This is relevant in my experiment because I want to see if whites consider blacks as more likely criminals. I believe that certain social stereotypes still exist at a subconscious level but that people are less willing to express these stereotypes. The Howard League, a prison reform group, published an article in the London Metro on the 22nd of March 2000 titled Justice isShow MoreRelatedWhat Factors Influence Jury Decision Making?1326 Words   |  6 Pagespersonally relevant reason to confirm a hypothesis, people seem to favor confirmation as the default testing strategy. Further hypothesized that the preference for confirming evidence is influenced by two main factors, Facts v. Perception. Let’s begin with the perception, a study of 24 students in favor of the death penalty and another 24 against were selected, these participants were asked a short amount of research reports. 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