Essay on Racial Discrimination in Obasan and Itsuka by Jow...

The world is filled with different kinds of hatred caused by different reasons. For instance, people may hate others because of their gender, or for having different beliefs. Perhaps people hate others based on their cultural representation instead of who they really are as an individual, whether that representation is a religion or a race. This single fact of racial discrimination has caused many terrible and tragic events in history such as the holocaust, slavery, and among them is the evacuation and relocation of Japanese Canadians during World War II. In the novels  ¡Ã‚ ®Obasan ¡Ã‚ ¯ and  ¡Ã‚ ®Itsuka ¡Ã‚ ¯ by Joy Kogawa, the main protagonist Naomi and her family go through the mistreatment and racial discrimination, which occurred to all Japanese†¦show more content†¦That way you offend lessquot; (P.187). This shows that the war has denigrated Japanese Canadians as a something even less then even second-class citizens. The painful experience leaves tormenting remembrance that requires people to take a long time to recover. In  ¡Ã‚ ®Itsuka ¡Ã‚ ¯ which is a continuation of  ¡Ã‚ ®Obasan ¡Ã‚ ¯, the protagonist Naomi is haunted by her memories of her childhood growing up in the World War II period of Japanese Canadian evacuation and internment. Naomi was involved in the movement for reparation from the Canadian government for the forcible relocation and confiscation of property of Japanese Canadians during World War II. As Naomi went through her painful experiences during her childhood, she realizes the importance her cultural identity. Naomi makes a comment to her aunt, Obasan, quot;...today, finally, though we can hardly believe it, to be Canadian means what it hasnt meant before. Reconciliation. Liberation. Belongingness. Homequot; (P.277) and reminiscent the tough past that she had to face during World War II. Japanese Canadians were mistreated because of their racial background, as Japanese Empire was the enemy of Canada during World War II. While Naomi was evacuated and relocated from their own land and her mother, the youth of her life was ruined and memories of her pain are reflected on this quote, quot;There was a silence

The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It...

Great American Political Thinkers In the year of 1776, the United States became an independent country. At that moment, the great men who fought for its independence began to create the government and shape American politics. In Richard Hofstadters The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It, he identifies twelve of the most influential men and the political traditions they created, including the Founding Fathers who started it all. Additionally, Hofstadter informs the reader of other significant government officials including Andrew Jackson and his democracy, the progressive, trustbuster Theodore Roosevelt, and ending with Franklin D. Roosevelt and his programs of the New Deal. Richard Hofstadters ideas are brilliantly†¦show more content†¦John Adams stated that â€Å"each element have its own house of legislature†. Over both houses would be an impartial executive with veto power, organic check and self-control. In other words, they needed a president. T hese devices were an attempt to guarantee the future of the United States against previous outcomes of preceding republics. There were, of course, opponents to the constitution. For those who disagreed with the document, ten amendments were added for freedom and liberty by the property each citizen owned. If the citizen owned property, then they were considered â€Å"worthy†, meant that they had wealth, could vote and be part of society and then gained liberty. If they did not have enough money to own property, then they had no liberty and were worthless in society. The Founding Fathers decided that democracy would destroy liberty through the redistribution of property. Therefore, they just gave a new meaning to democracy. The citizen may vote, if they owned land. After one establishes a government, they must have a capable leader to carry the plan out. The Founding Fathers have set the basics. They have given a meaning to the United States. Now is the time for one to step fo rward and lead the country. That someone is Thomas Jefferson, Hofstadter’s next influential man. â€Å"He remains aloof from the masses and if he claims equality for all, it is not because he feels that men areShow MoreRelatedThe American Political Tradition912 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The American Political Tradition† published in 1948 was written by a well-known historian at Colombia University. Richard Hofstadter was born on August 6, 1916, in Buffalo, New York. He attended both the University of Buffalo and Columbia University where he studied philosophy and history. Hofstadter was married twice and later in 1970 died from leukemia. Throughout his life Hofstadter had a lot of published works including Social Darwinism in American Thought, William Leggett, Spokesman of JacksonianRead MoreThe Influence of Violent Cultural Traditions on the Characters of Chronicles of a Death Foretold – Gabriel Garcia Marquez1490 Words   |  6 Pagesexploitation†¦Man y Latin American societies are condemned to bloodletting by the precedents of violence and gross injustice that characterize their culture and their history.† – LeMoyne James, ‘Children of Cain’ 1991 Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s text depicts the cultural life and setting of Latin America. His inclusion of conventional values portrayed in the novel such as pride and honor influences specific characters such as Pedro and Pablo Vicario, two â€Å"boys who were raised up to be men.† His ability toRead MoreThe Relations Between North And South Korea1573 Words   |  7 Pagessame time frame. Mayflower arrived in Boston Mass. And the latter in Jamestown VA. In fact my maternal side settled on the James River from England in the 1620s the Wommack (Womack) clan. Further up the country in Boston came a Puritan John Winthrop, who was a wealthy religious man from Suffolk England coming into America. He decided to leave England as a result of King Charles I taking power and the fact that he was against the Puritan movement. In order to escape persecution from the wrath of KingRead MoreEssay about Black Bourgeoisie Critical Review1655 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1: The Roots of the Black Bourgeoisie 1. According to the perspective of E. Franklin Frazier, the â€Å"Black Bourgeoisie played an important role among American Negros for decades. Frazier’s study led him to the significant of â€Å"Negro Business† and its impact on the black middle class. Education was a major social factor responsible for emergence of the Black bourgeoisie. 2. By fact, the net total number of the free Negroes in the first generation topped out at 37,245 with an estimated accumulationRead MoreHispanic Groups in USA Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesIn identifying the linguistic, political, social, economic, religious, and familial conventions and/or statuses of four Hispanic groups living in the United States; the following four groups have been chosen, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and El Salvadorians. Each group has a rich cultural identity but has been placed in the same category, Hispanic Americans, on the basis of language. All these groups share the Spanish language, though each has a different dialect and some words spelledRead More Womens Roles During Times of War Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesWomens Roles During Times of War Despite the prevalence of war goddesses in most traditions from China to Greece to Ireland, women have been separated from the front lines of war for centuries. Western tradition claims that women are not made for war, but for household work: sewing, cleaning, cooking, and looking after children. Society told women to carry brooms in lieu of swords; to collect firewood instead of ammunition, and to keep house rather than protect a nation. Yet, for centuriesRead MoreFeminism: Womens Status in Higher Education1448 Words   |  6 Pagesmythical and religious social traditions have provided cultural explanations regarding the evolution of the roles of men and women and the variations between the structures of the lives of the sexes (Sapiro 28). Although many see America as a country of equal opportunities for all, including women, most forget the struggle and hardship thousands faced to earn this God-given right. Professor Barry Bull of Indiana University speculates on the current infr astructure of American society: â€Å"If we do not expectRead MoreThe Equitable Change Of The Voting And Race Laws1599 Words   |  7 Pagesthe suffrage and equivalent rights for every single white male, were consistent augmentations of the belief system of the American Revolution. These rights, be that as it may, were not stretched out to ladies or free dark individuals. A religious recovery development called the Second Great Awakening, drove by Methodists and Baptists, changed the religious scene. Another political gathering, the Democrats, had blended around Andrew Jackson, coming full circle in his race as President in 1828 and disparagingRead MoreThe 19th Century1724 Words   |  7 Pagesuncharted continent with the establishment of colonies on American soil. The Spanish would try to colonize the American Southwest and the English, the Northeast. Indelibly, both cultures would leave their mark on the American landscape, especially within the context of religion and politics . Spain first set up an outpost in what would become New Mexico, just North of the Rio Grande River. Led by the enterprising and dramatic Juan de Oà ±ate, who had been appointed the founding governor and adelantadoRead MoreThe Problem Of The American Society867 Words   |  4 PagesMany people believe today’s American society is poised, if things continue the same way they have been for the last twenty years (slippery slope), to become morally bankrupt and a tattered remain of its former self. (belief) The problems in today’s society all stem from three main moral atrocities and conditions that progressives have forced on to the society of our beautiful country.(post hoc) Our society has gone from having the respect of all the world to being a laughing stock of the Christian

Culture of Haiti free essay sample

The Culture of Haiti Carrie St. Jean Axia College of University of Phoenix What does the average American really know about the country, Haiti? Is the lifestyle all black magic, spells, and seances? Is this media portrayal of Voodoo the only way of life and what is Voodoo, any way? These questions come to mind when someone wants to know the truth about Haitian culture and life in Haiti. Haitian culture consists of deep rooted religious beliefs, music, and Haitian cuisine. First and foremost, voodoo is not just black magic, spells, and voodoo dolls that everyone associates with what has been portrayed in the movies and television shows. For example, the movie Serpent and the Rainbow, directed by Wes Craven (1988), is a horror movie that depicts voodoo as an evil practice that turned people into zombies. The premise of this movie was a doctor who goes to Haiti to investigate the rumors of a drug used with black magic that left people in total paralysis, yet conscious. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture of Haiti or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most Americans in fact believe that all Haitians are part of this media portrayed version of this Haitian religion. The media has glorified and exaggerated this minor part of the Voodoo religion. Yes, those Haitian individuals who actively believe in the Voodoo religion do believe in some types of black magic and unfortunately the spells and voodoo dolls, but not all Haitians practice religion this way. In actuality, voodoo means spirit in African tradition. Haitians believe in only one God and other categories of spiritual beings. Haiti is also primarily a Catholic religion but the natives’ daily life still revolves around spirit religion. Many Haitians believe in spirits and other beings but his does not always mean ouija boards, seances, or ceremonies of raising the dead. This is the way Haitians live their lives and value the word of God. Other aspects to Haiti that most people do not realize about Haitian life are the music and cuisine. As for music, Haiti’s varied cultural background shaped the history of music. The different styles of music combine Spanish, French, American, and African influences. Voudou is one of the first types of music adopted by Haitians from Africa. Voudou is considered sacred and spiritual folklore. Mizik Rasin, mini jazz, and Haitian rap are a few different types of music that most people are not aware of. Mizik Rasin is considered roots music and actually evolved in the late 1980’s after the overthrow of Baby Doc Duvalier (1999). This music is believed to heal and honor the spirits. Mini jazz mixes French and American styles and Haitian rap is basically embraced by the Haitian youth to express views on violence, politics, and social matters. Rara is the type of music that is not really considered mainstream. This is the music of celebration and was also used back in the days of slavery. There are many other types of music that exist in Haiti and have all be created or shaped by other worldly influences. Haitian music has gone through many stages and with the availability of the Internet, Haitian music is spreading globally; With the possibilities of the internet, more people will be able to experience the wonderful sounds of many styles of Haitian music. Part of the music in Haiti also includes dance. Music and dance are a major part of Haitian life from birth through death. The Haitian tradition of dance begins with the christening of a child, as the people of Haiti view dance as a celebration of life. Dance also signifies important stages of a person’s life There are many different styles of dance but the most commonly known, throughout the county, are used to send the dead on their way to the afterlife. Parigol is the dance to let the spirits take control of the body. Parigol â€Å"is a graceful and subtle dance where the human body becomes a horse for the spirit to ride† (2004). Another dance, called Banda, calls the Gede spirits. These are the spirits of for the circle of life and death. This dance is not only decadent, but erotic. These dances are actually derived from the Voodoo religion and most Haitians living in the United States are not too familiar, as they did not grow up in Haiti. Most Haitian-Americans are Catholic and do not practice the Voodoo religion. Another important tradition in Haiti, beyond religion and music, is food. Haitian cuisine is actually kreyol or creole cuisine. Food has always been an important aspect of Haitian life, but is actually used to signify certain events in Haitian history and considered a cultural treasure. For example, Haitian soup, or pumpkin soup, is a dish that celebrates Haitian independence. This soup of â€Å"freedom† is called Joumou and is consumed by all Haitian households, in Haiti, on January 1st, every year. This is Haiti’s Independence Day. The soup mainly consists of beef, chicken, squash, spinach, sweet potatoes, and other leafy greens. The interesting fact about this dish is the fact that no pumpkin is used to make the soup. Specific Haitian recipes have been passed along from generation to generation and when a person mentions one Haitian dish, most likely everyone will know exactly what the dish is and how it tastes. Rice, beans, beef, pork, goat, and plantain are prominent throughout most Haitian cuisine. Griots, pronounced gree-yoo, is one of the most popular, flavorful dishes among Haitians. Many Haitians will serve this dish at family gatherings, as this is another cuisine of celebration. Griots is fried, glazed pork and because the Kreyol language of Haiti was not written until about fifteen years ago, Griots is also spelled as grillots, griyo, and griyot. The reason for the different spellings is that Haitian Kreyol was not a written language until about ten years ago. More popular foods used in Haitian cuisine are rice, beans, plantain, fish, and fruit. Bananes pesees or banan peze is a favorite among Haitians. This entree is green plantain that is fried twice. Banan Peze is not just a Haitian favorite but popular in Puerto Rico, as well. Puerto Ricans call the dish tostones. Plantain is just one of the many foods that are a staple to Haitian cuisine. Now that many Haitians have immigrated to the United States, Americans can actually taste the fine cuisine of Haiti and visit a Haitian restaurant or if you get the chance, select Haiti the next time a vacation opportunity arises and experience all the different positive, cultural experiences Haiti has to offer Sample the music varieties, the celebration of life, with both music and the amazing different Haitian cuisine dishes, and most importantly, interact with the people and experience the true culture of this country. Your original opinion of this country will be changed forever. Haiti is truly an undiscovered, misunderstood country. When Americans reach beyond the media portrayed sense of Haitian culture they will realize the reality of a strong, religious culture with people who value God, bring food, music, and dance into their daily lives. Haitians value and celebrate life and Americans might want to sample this way of living. References Laterriere, D. (n. d. ) Discover Culture Retrieved October 15, 2009 from website: http://www. discoverhaiti. com/culture. htm

Bob Marley Music in Our Generation free essay sample

Over the decades the musical culture in America has changed considerably. From psychedelic to rock n roll, disco to heavy metal, punk rock to soft rock. Now hip-hop and rap seem to be the current musical Infatuation In our era. Yet were forgetting that somewhere In that time frame, around the sasss a music form known as reggae emerged from the little Island of Jamaica, and with It came a man that will never be forgotten. HIS name was Robert Nests Marled although he was better known to us as Bob Marled and he changed our world forever. Marbles music was unleashed onAmerica and the world in the mid to late asss with explosive popularity. For unlike much of the music that had been heard, Marbles work was so much more than Just music it was a message for all to hear, a message that we could better the world in which we live. Marbles beautifully constructed lyrics inspired and moved people to not sit quietly and do nothing while their world is being destroyed by the evils of violence and racism. Bob Marled without a doubt helped lessen the problems that plague this world but racism and violence amongst fellow human beings Is certainly till occurring.So one cannot help but speculate, If a single artist can have such a positive Influence on so many people through his music then why are our current chart-topping music artists not following In his footsteps and doing the same? Bob Marled Is undeniably an icon of social change within not only America, but also around the world where his music has been heard. Author Anthony Bogus in his article Get up, Stand up: The Redemptive Poetics of Bob Marled even goes as far as to compare Marled to Martin Luther King Jar. Engine the evidence that they both Todd strongly for social change in a time when we most surely needed it. Bogus writes, common to both King and Marled was the universalism, a commitment to social change, and the fact that both were prophetic voices whose visions of a new world were rooted in the struggles against racial domination and oppression (563). However Is It really fair to compare a dreadlocks head, ganja smoking reggae artist to one of the greatest men In American civil rights history?The answer is most definitely yes; Marled Is more than worthy of this comparison, for Just Like King he was a figure o whom the oppressed people could look up to for hope. He stood for what he believed in and he didnt back down no matter what the consequences may be. For instance, in December of 1 976 Marled was asked to play at Smile Jamaica, a free outdoor concert that was organized by the Jamaican Prime Minister as an attempt to plea for peace and ease the tension between the two warring political groups.But two days before Marled was scheduled to play at the event two cars full of unknown gunmen broke into his house with guns blazing and seriously wounded Bob in his chest and arm. Nevertheless when it came time for Marled to perform he walked out on stage and did so. This man had a mission and he wasnt going to allow anyone to stop him from spreading his message. He once said God sent me on earth, he send me to do something, and nobody can stop me. If God want to stop me, then I stop. Man never can (573).This Is Just one example of the mans dedication to his cause of using music and the music Industry as a source to spread his message to the masses. Marled couldnt be more unlike the artists of today in the sense that his rather he had a greater purpose. Again Bogus talks about this in his piece, saying [Marled] consistently navigated the music business, trying not to get trapped in its glitz and glamour, since for him the Justification for the entire enterprise was the use of his artistic gifts as a medium of prophetic social criticism (564). With our rap and hip-hop artists of today it seems that money, cars and blind-blind are their necessities. They measuring their success based on how many Beverly Hills mansions they own rather than how many people theyve inspired or how many lives theyve changed. When this happens they loose sight of what truly matters. In another article titled One Love author Robert Palmer further reinforces the truth that Marled never faltered from his objective of informing the world about the suffering and oppression that so many less fortunate, poor human beings were and currently are experiencing.Palmer states, [Marled] never lost sight of the emotional center of his art his people, the suffers of Truncheon, of greater Kingston, of all the worlds ghettos. They placed their faith and hope in him, and he did not let them down (570). Yet when it comes to our rap artists who originate from poor urban spinsterhood or ghettos, Just as Marled once did, their music doesnt sing (or rap) about hope and change. Instead, from what Vive heard they sing about such things as being revolting against the law by using phrases like [emailprotected]#K the police, now thats inspiring.I have to wonder what kind of change they hope to accomplish with messages like these? Although Palmers article touches a little on Marbles message within his music, it mainly centered on the history of Bob Marled and the Wailers, laying out the details of their rise to international stardom. While in Bogus article he mess to focus on talking about how Marled belonged to a prophetic black radical tradition (Bogus 564), using symbolic insurgency to primarily strive for the equal treatment of African-American.Though this may be true, Marled strongly believed in equal treatment for all, no matter what the color of their skin may be. Be it, Whites, African-Americans or Hispanics, to Marled it didnt matter, he sang his message for all. This is never more evident than in such songs of Marbles as War, where he sings that human beings will always be fighting wars, until the philosophy which hold one ace superior and another inferior is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned and until the color of a mans skin is of no more significance than the color of his eyes.Nowadays, with our most popular musical form being that of hip- hop and rap, you will never find lyrics like that of Marbles in any of these songs. Instead all we seem to hear when we listen to this music are lyrics about committing violent acts. Instead of one love they sing about busting a cap into another persons ass. Instead of redemption songs they sing about discriminating women by offering to them as female dogs and hoes, which I thought were gardening tools.If Marled were still alive today he would be disgusted to hear the lyrics and the kinds of messages that the artists of our days are singing about. In fact these artists are singing, representing and even glorifying exactly the opposite stance in which Marled had taken towards the issues of violence, oppression, and discrimination. They should instead be learning from Marbles example. They should understand how much of a difference music that sings of change within our world can lift people up and influence them to take a stand. This is so significant because with our artists tasteless form of entertainment.While the musical artists of today are quite different than Marled they still share one thing in common; they have the power to influence their listeners through their music. Fortunately, unlike the artists of the present, Marled chose to influence his listeners with positive messages that truly spoke to them. When I say them I dont only mean the oppressed or the poor or the minorities but everyone, for the beauty of Marbles music is that while it holds a special significance for the sufferers of this roll, it speaks to any listener with an open heart (Palmer 574).Marled understood that with the power to influence mass numbers of people comes the responsibility to use it in a positive and constructive manner. Im not one to point fingers but the music artists of today are not using their power responsibly. This may be the reason why crime rates are pup, and gang related violence is more frequent. Musical influence can play a huge part in a persons life, especially if that individual is young. Perhaps this is why we have seen so many horrible and unnecessary school hooting happen within the last decade.Music artists need to understand the kind of power they possess. They need to understand that they have fans in this world that desire to be Just like them, so it is crucial that they watch what they preach in their music because even if they dont mean what they say there is some adoring fan out there who is going to listen to those lyrics and follow them like instructions. Yet admiring an artist to this degree only becomes dangerous when the message within that artists music is dangerous. So why are these songs with their dangerous assuages so popular in our culture?Is it because songs that sing of universal peace and love stopped selling when the asss died? Or is it because we as a people have just become increasingly more violent? Whatever the reason one thing is for sure, m usic artist of today must learn from Marbles work for he managed to to forge a visionary music that opposed the tide of violence and celebrated the rhythms of life (Palmer 574). This was exactly the sort of music the world needed to hear in the sasss and it is exactly the sort of music we need to hear now!

State of Nevada

The topic of discussion was Arizona’s SB 1070 bill that was approved to chuck out illegitimate migrants. The bill was seen to have affected the education sector since many high school students were forced to live without their parents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on State of Nevada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their parents were forced to move to other states that do not have stern immigration policies. The participants talked about the impacts of the law to the Arizona youths and what could be done to reduce its impacts. The guests analyzed one of the current studies undertaken by a group of researchers from a local university. In the study, it is revealed that many young people were unwilling to give their views because of unknown reasons There were two participants in the debate that is, Devin Browne- the KJZZ reporter and Tomas Lopez the co-author of the recently performed study. Browne observed t hat although the tenets of the SB 1070 were not fully endorsed, its sanctioning caused societal disruptions. Many parents chose to move to other states without the law and left their children to continue with their studies. The proponents of the law believe that its passage would allow people to go back to their ancestral regions since illegal migration interferes with the financial system of a particular state. The panelists observed how the Arizona bill has been misinterpreted as a move to subjugate certain races. The bill in actual terms does not contravene the constitution since the US constitution permits states to establish regulations that guarantee normalcy as well as constancy (Frontani 217). The central government on its part has failed to educate people on the importance of such law, which has ended up rising tensions among different groups (McKnight 246). The government has actually failed to act as a unifying factor because it is inciting Americans against their fellow Americans.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Obama regime has failed to deliver its promises to the masses, which it had pledged during elections. The regime was initially perceived to be committed towards abolishing racial and ethnic discrimination (Cheryl 30). The Arizona law does not allow racial profiling but the media and the ruling elites have taken the opportunity to advance their interests as regards to racism (Anderson 140). Politicians are using the ongoing debate to frustrate supporters of their opponents or to seek votes (Hagan 671). As usual, politicians and the media will always ensure that the public follows their perspectives concerning major debates (Miller 21). The Arizona law is applicable since illegal immigration has caused more harm than good. Immigrants from time to time have been proved to be interfering with the labor market. They offer cheap labor, which d emoralizes the most qualified in society (Fawcett 56). Again, refugees are known to be smugglers. They bring in goods from their places of origin without paying custom duties. To the extreme end, they engage in illegal businesses such as trading in drugs and firearms (Baigent 239). Columbia and other states have lost their sovereignty to drug lords and criminals because they lack effective migration laws (Clinton 15). The American states near the border must constantly come up with strong policies aimed at containing illegal migration. Finally, the panelists were concerned with national security (White 100). Application of Arizona law is necessary for national interests because terrorists should not be given any chance of becoming citizens of a great nation like the US (Archibold 17). On a personal standpoint, the Arizona law should be implemented immediately. If Arizona does not continuously crackdown on illegal immigrants, it can be like Columbia where drug lords have taken over s tate powers and established their own administrative unit referred to as FARC (Archibold 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on State of Nevada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Anderson, Philip. â€Å"Introduction to Vilhelm Moberg’s ‘Why I Wrote the Novel about Swedish Emigrants'†. Swedish-American Historical Quarterly, Vol. 59, pp 137-144, 2008. Archibold, Randal. â€Å"Illegal immigrants slain in an attack in Arizona†. The New York Times, 26 May 2007. Print. Archibold, Randal. â€Å"Judge blocks Arizona’s immigration law†. New York Times, 17 October 2011. Print. Baigent, Elizabeth. â€Å"Swedish immigrants in McKeesport, Pennsylvania: Did the Great American Dream come true? Journal of Historical Geography, Vol. 26, Issue 2, pp 239-72, 2002. Cheryl, Sullivan. â€Å"US Cancels virtual fence'†. Christian Science Monitor, 17 May 2011. Online. Clinton, Will iam and Schwarzenegger, Arnold. â€Å"Beyond Payday Loans†. The Wall Street Journal, 2008. Fawcett, James and Carino, Benjamin. Pacific Bridges: The New Immigration from Asia and the Pacific Islands. New York, NY: Center for Migration Studies, 1987.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Frontani, Michael. â€Å"From the Bottom to the Top’: Frank Sinatra, the American Myth of Success, and the Italian-American Image. Journal of American Culture, Vol. 28 Issue 2, pp 216-230,2005. Hagan, John and Palloni, Alberto. Sociological Criminology and the Mythology of Hispanic Immigration and Crime. Social Problems, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 617-632, 1999. McKnight, Roger. â€Å"Vilhelm Moberg, the Emigrant Novels, and their Changing Readers†. Swedish-American Historical Quarterly, Vol. 49 Issue 3, pp 245-256, July 1998. Miller, Debra. Illegal Immigration. New York, NY: Reference Point Press, 2007. White, Roa, â€Å"Emigration as Emancipation: Portrayals of the Immigrant Irish Girl in Nineteenth-Century Fiction. New Hibernia Review, spring Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp 95-108, 2005. This essay on State of Nevada was written and submitted by user K1m0ra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. At 6:01 p.m. on April 4, 1968, Civil Rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was hit by a snipers bullet. King had been standing on the balcony in front of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, when without warning, he was shot. The .30-caliber rifle bullet entered Kings right cheek, traveled through his neck, and finally stopped at his shoulder blade. King was immediately taken to a nearby hospital but was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. Violence and controversy followed. In outrage of the murder, many blacks took to the streets across the United States in a massive wave of riots. The FBI investigated the crime, but many believed them partially or fully responsible for the assassination. An escaped convict by the name of James Earl Ray was arrested, but many people,  including some of Martin Luther King Jr.s own family, believe he was innocent. What happened that evening? Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.    When Martin Luther King Jr.  emerged as the leader of the  Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955, he began a long tenure as the spokesperson for nonviolent protest in the Civil Rights Movement. As a Baptist minister, he was a moral leader to the community. Plus, he was charismatic and had a powerful way of speaking. He was also a man of vision and determination. He never stopped dreaming of what could be. Yet he was a man, not a God. He was most often overworked and overtired and he had a fondness for the private company of women. Though he was the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize winner, he did not have complete control over the Civil Rights Movement. By 1968, violence had edged its way into the movement. Black Panther Party members carried loaded weapons, riots had erupted across the country, and numerous civil rights organizations had taken up the mantra Black Power! Yet Martin Luther King Jr. held strong to his beliefs, even as he saw the Civil Rights Movement being torn in two. Violence is what brought King back to Memphis in April 1968. Striking Sanitation Workers in Memphis On February 12, a total of 1,300  African-American sanitation workers in Memphis went on strike. Though there had been a long history of grievances, the strike began as a response to a January 31 incident in which 22 black sanitation workers were sent home without pay during bad weather while all the white workers remained on the job. When the City of Memphis refused to negotiate with the 1,300 striking workers, King and other civil rights leaders were asked to visit Memphis in support. On Monday, March 18, King managed to fit in a quick stop in Memphis, where he spoke to more than  15,000 who had gathered at Mason Temple. Ten days later, King arrived in Memphis to lead a march in support of the striking workers. Unfortunately, as King led the crowd, a few of the protesters got rowdy and smashed the windows of a storefront. The violence spread and soon countless others had taken up sticks and were breaking windows and looting stores. Police moved in to disperse the crowd. Some of the marchers threw stones at the police. The police responded with tear gas and nightsticks. At least one of the marchers was shot and killed. King was extremely distressed at the violence that had erupted in his own march and became determined not to let violence prevail. He scheduled another march in Memphis for April 8. On April 3, King arrived in Memphis a little later than planned because there had been a bomb threat for his flight before takeoff. That evening, King delivered his Ive Been to the Mountaintop speech to a relatively small crowd that had braved the bad weather to hear King speak. Kings thoughts were obviously on his mortality, for he discussed the plane threat as well as the time he had been stabbed. He concluded the speech with, Well, I dont know what will happen now; weve got some difficult days ahead. But it really doesnt matter with me now, because Ive been to the mountaintop. And I dont mind. Like anybody, I would like to live a long life - longevity has its place. But Im not concerned about that now. I just want to do Gods will. And Hes allowed me to go up to the mountain. And Ive looked over, and Ive seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people will get to the Promised Land. And so Im happy tonight; Im not worried about anything; Im not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. After the speech, King went back to the Lorraine Motel to rest. Martin Luther King Jr. Stands on the Lorraine Motel Balcony The Lorraine Motel (now the  National Civil Rights Museum) was a relatively drab, two-story motor inn on Mulberry Street in downtown Memphis. Yet it had become a habit of Martin Luther King and his entourage to stay at the Lorraine Motel when they visited Memphis. On the evening of April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King and his friends were getting dressed to have dinner with Memphis minister Billy Kyles. King was in room 306 on the second floor and hurried to get dressed since they were, as usual, running a bit late. While putting on his shirt and using Magic Shave Powder to shave, King chatted with Ralph Abernathy about an upcoming event. Around 5:30 p.m., Kyles  knocked on their door to hurry them along. The three men joked about what was to be served for dinner. King and Abernathy wanted to confirm that they were going to be served soul food and not something like filet mignon. About half an hour later, Kyles and King stepped out of the motel room onto the balcony (basically the outside walkway that connected all the motels second-story rooms). Abernathy had gone to his room to put on some cologne. Near the car in the parking lot directly below the balcony, waited  James Bevel, Chauncey Eskridge (SCLC lawyer), Jesse Jackson, Hosea Williams, Andrew Young, and Solomon Jones, Jr. (the driver of the loaned white Cadillac). A few remarks were exchanged between the men waiting below and Kyles and King. Jones remarked that King should get a topcoat since it might get cold later; King replied, O.K. Kyles was just a couple of steps down the stairs and Abernathy was still inside the motel room when the shot rang out. Some of the men initially thought it  was a car backfire, but others realized it was a rifle shot. King had fallen to the concrete floor of the balcony with a large, gaping wound covering his right jaw. Martin Luther King Jr. Shot Abernathy ran out of his room to see his dear friend fallen, laying in a puddle of blood. He held Kings head saying, Martin, its all right. Dont worry. This is Ralph. This is Ralph.* Kyles had gone into a motel room to call an ambulance while others encircled King. Marrell McCollough, an undercover Memphis police officer, grabbed a towel and tried to stop the flow of blood. Though King was unresponsive, he was still alive - but only barely. Within 15 minutes of the shot, Martin Luther King arrived at St. Josephs Hospital on a stretcher with an oxygen mask over his face. He had been hit by a .30-06 caliber rifle bullet that had entered his right jaw, then traveled through his neck, severing his spinal cord, and stopped in his shoulder blade. The doctors tried emergency surgery but the wound was too serious. Martin Luther King Jr. was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. He was 39 years old. Who Killed Martin Luther King Jr.? Despite many conspiracy theories questioning who was responsible for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., most of the evidence points to a single shooter, James Earl Ray. On the morning of April 4, Ray used information from the televised news as well as from a newspaper to discover where King was staying in Memphis. Around 3:30 p.m., Ray, using the name John Willard, rented room 5B in Bessie Brewers run-down rooming house that was located across the street from the Lorraine Motel. Ray then visited the York Arms Company a few blocks away and purchased a pair of binoculars for $41.55 in cash. Returning to the rooming house, Ray readied himself in the communal bathroom, peering out the window, waiting for King to emerge from his hotel room. At 6:01 p.m., Ray shot King, mortally wounding him. Immediately after the shot, Ray quickly placed his rifle, binoculars, radio, and newspaper into a box and covered it with an old, green blanket. Then Ray hurriedly carried the bundle out of the bathroom, down the hall, and down to the first floor. Once outside, Ray dumped his package outside the Canipe Amusement Company and walked swiftly to his car. He then drove away in his white Ford Mustang, just before police arrived. While Ray was driving toward Mississippi, police were starting to put the pieces together. Nearly immediately, the mysterious green bundle was discovered as were several witnesses who had seen someone who they believed to be the new renter of 5B rushing out of the rooming house with the bundle. By comparing fingerprints found on items in the bundle, including those on the rife and binoculars, with those of known fugitives, the FBI discovered they were looking for James Earl Ray. After a two-month international manhunt, Ray was finally captured on June 8 at Londons Heathrow Airport. Ray pleaded guilty and was given a 99-year sentence in prison. Ray died in prison in 1998. * Ralph Abernathy as quoted in Gerald Posner, Killing the Dream  (New York: Random House, 1998) 31. Sources: Garrow, David J.  Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: William Morrow, 1986. Posner, Gerald.  Killing the Dream: James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.  New York: Random House, 1998.

Authentic Journey Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Authentic Journey Report - Essay Example The core objective of the report is to present an analysis of my authentic leadership journey from my early childhood to date. The report illustrates on how a good number of leaders fall short in performance in their leadership position. The report also talks about how I developed the basic authentic leader qualities. The research included in this report demonstrated the important of value, self awareness, and motivations as the main models relevant for an authentic leader. The report has also analyzed some of the prevailing leadership theory. Those included in the report are the authentic leader theory and the charismatic leader theory. It has presented some critics in the discussed leadership theory. The report has concluded by analyzing my achievement as an authentic leader. In this section, the report has illustrated on the achievement I have acquired so far as an authentic leader. It has also talked about the shortcomings in my position as an authentic leader. Recommendation of the areas which requires improvement is addressed in the recommendation section. The report has suggested five main means of improving my characteristic as authentic leaders. The five main methods include; demonstration of leadership sight, demonstration of leadership initiative, important of leaders impacts to the subjects, and the need for leadership integrity. Introduction Background Over a few decades ago, there has emerged a new theory in management studies. The theory is labeled authentic leadership. Various authors claim that the principal components of authentic leadership are such as moral perspective, self-awareness and relational transparency. Self-certainty and self-knowledge are significant ingredients to the success of an authentic leader (Shamir and Eilam, 2005). The two attributes improves an individual communication skills which are essential components to an authentic leader. In addition to that, it has been contended that leaders who are authentic are always true to themselves and act according to their beliefs for purposes of achieving a common good (Levy & Bentley 2007). However, the above definition fails to acknowledge the fact that, just like authenticity, truth is a concept that is contestable. Thus, it is important to acknowledge what authentic leadership really means. Authentic leadership is founded on the belief that a confident and resolute stance in an individual action and speech is a crucial indicator of a powerful (strong) leadership. On the contrary, theories revolving around leadership such as self are never recognized as neutral. This is because they are often experienced within the systems of authority. Therefore, authentic leadership is perceived to be an example of a privileged discourse that has its roots from a self-worth belief that is intrinsic in nature. For instance, in the western societies, a variety of leadership are more acknowledged than others. In that case, an individual that is self made is conceived as the epitome of the mighty and successful leader. It is often common to read about a person who had the capability to succeed through absolute wheel power. Nevertheless, each and every single individual needs moral support or motivation from others for purposes of achieving his or her goals. In addition to that, the success of a leader is always weighed depending on how well he or she has attained corporate goals (Arendt 1958). However, since actions are unpredictable in nature, an individual cannot have the